Hydrogen generation with CO2 utilization: A solvay cluster study

The fuel cell economy is yet to start research programs in hydrogen generation with CO₂ utilization for hydrocarbon reforming processes used in fuel processor applications. A simple thermodynamic study using solvay clusters was done to investigate the feasibility of using the carbon species produced in the steam methane reforming process to produce value added chemicals. The results of this study are highly encouraging to start process development of closed systems of hydrogen generation with CO₂ conversion to acetic acid/acrylic acid making easier the commercialization of fuel cells and hydrogen energy. Such studies can be specifically carried out for different fuel processor systems.     

二进制代码块:面向二进制程序的细粒度控制流完整性校验方法

控制流完整性(CFI)是一种在程序中通过保护间接转移有效减少代码注入和代码重用攻击等威胁的技术。由于二进制程序缺少源代码级别的语义, CFI策略的设定需要很谨慎。现有的面向二进制的CFI解决方案,如BinCFI和CCFIR,虽然能够提供对二进制程序的防护能力,但它们应用的策略过于宽松,依然会受到复杂的代码重用攻击。本文提出一种新的面向二进制的CFI保护方案,称为BinCC。它可以通过静态二进制重写为x86下的二进制程序提供细粒度保护。通过代码复制和静态分析,我们把二进制代码分成几个互斥代码块。再进一步将代码中的每个间接转移块归类为块间转移或块内转移,并分别应用严格CFI策略来限制这些转移。为了评估BinCC,我们引入新的指标来评估每种间接转移中合法目标的平均数量,以及利用call-precededgadgets产生ROP漏洞利用的难度。实验结果表明与BinCFI比较, BinCC显著地将合法转移目标降低了81.34%,并显著增加了攻击者绕过CFI限制实施复杂的ROP攻击的难度。另外,与BinCC可以降低大约14%的空间开销,而只提升了4%的运行开销。     

Chemical looping reforming of ethanol for syngas generation: A theoretical investigation

Chemical looping reforming (CLR) is a novel technology that can be used for reforming of cheaply available abundant biofuel like ethanol for the production of hydrogen/syngas for fuel cells. A systematic thermodynamic study for the CLR process using selected oxygen carriers was done to analyze the products and energy requirements of the CLR process in the temperature range of 500–1200 °C at 1 bar pressure for ethanol. The results showed favorable conditions for syngas manufacture from this process. Fe₂O₃ was found to be the best performing oxygen carrier followed by calcium and sodium sulfates, while Mn oxides were the least preferred oxygen carriers for CLR of ethanol process. The optimum process temperature was found to be 1000 °C. The actual CLR‐ethanol process shows exothermicity against the theoretical endothermic partial oxidation of ethanol. The results obtained in this theoretical study can pave the way for experimental programs for syngas generation for SOFC‐type fuel cells. Similar studies can be undertaken for other fuels for fuel processor development by CLR process. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Investigation of polycrystalline lead titanate fibers and thin films by micro-Raman spectroscopy

Lead titanate thin films and fibers were prepared by sol-gel technique and the phase formation behavior, surface morphology and the effect of strain on the microstructural features of these samples was investigated. The x-ray and micro-Raman scattering results indicate the formation of the tetragonal perovskite phase in both films and fibers. The analysis of the Raman phonon modes reveals that the film is more stressed than the fibers. The variation of stress has been correlated to the microstructural features in these structures.     

Effects of Nickel Oxide (NiO) nanoparticles on the performance characteristics of the jatropha oil based alkyd and epoxy blends

Plant oil based alkyd resin was prepared from jatropha oil and blended with epoxy resin. Subsequently, alkyd/epoxy/NiO nanocomposites with different wt % of NiO nanoparticles have been prepared by mechanical mixing of the designed components. The structure, morphology, and performance characteristics of the nanocomposites were studied by UV‐visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and universal testing machine (UTM). The alkyd/epoxy/NiO nanocomposites showed the gradual increase in thermal stability with increasing NiO content. With 3 wt % NiO content the tensile strength of the nanocomposite increased by 19 MPa (more than twofold) when compared with the pristine polymer. Limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of the nanocomposites indicate that the incorporation of NiO nanoparticles even in 1 wt % can greatly improves the flame retardant property of the nanocomposites. This study confirms the strong influence of NiO nanoparticles on the thermal, mechanical, and flame retardant properties of the alkyd/epoxy/NiO nanocomposites. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41490.     

Effects of Fuel Depth and Pan Wall Material for Unsteady Pool Fires with Different Fuels

Fire Technology - With the aim of providing a generalized dimensionless correlation for pan fuel burn fluxes, this work treats all the earlier work in this area and the data on specific experiments...     

Effect of Si3N4 Ceramic Particulates on Mechanical,Thermal, Thermo-Mechanical and Sliding Wear Performance of AA2024 Alloy Composites

Silicon - In this investigation, hybrid AA2024 – Si3N4 (0–6 wt.% @ 2%) – SiC (2 wt.%) – graphite (2 wt.%) alloy composites have been fabricated as...     

Robust control of discrete minimum and non-minimum phase systems via data-driven virtual reference feedback tuning and IMC

In this paper, we develop a novel robust control approach for discrete minimum and non-minimum phase systems via a combined data-driven virtual reference feedback tuning ($\text{VRFT}$) and internal model control (IMC) scheme. The first step in the conventional $\text{VRFT}$ method controller design is the selection of the closed-loop reference model ($M\left(z\right)$), and $M\left(z\right)$ selection is still an open problem. The integration of the $\mathrm{IMC}$ scheme and the VRFT method provides the advantage of flexibility in controller design due to the incorporation of the $\mathrm{IMC}$ filter. As a result, the proposed design method begins with the selection of $M\left(z\right)$ and $\mathrm{IMC}$ filter. Unlike the standard $\text{VRFT}$ method, the proposed combined $\text{VRFT}$ and $\mathrm{IMC}$ design approach has the unique feature of taking into account a robustness property of dynamics, namely, maximum sensitivity ($M_{\mathrm{s}}$) as the design specification for the $M\left(z\right)$ and IMC filter selection. Moreover, the proposed approach includes a robustness specification that resolves the trade-off between performance and robustness in real-time controller design. Furthermore, the robustness guarantee with plant uncertainties and controller fragility is elucidated. The proposed approach is validated using numerical simulations and experimental validation through the temperature control process. Compared to conventional $\text{VRFT}$ controllers, experimental and simulation results show that the proposed controllers have less tracking error, minimize control effort, and improve robustness.