A simplified way of evaluating the radiation power integral

The total power from a radiating slot involves double integrals. A simple way of performing these integrations by using infinite product and series expansions within the Integrand is presented. A specific example is given to demonstrate its usefulness.     

The radiation resistance of a microstrip element

The radiation resistance of a rectangular microstrip element printed on a grounded dielectric is evaluated through the use of a bidimensional Fourier transform. The antenna is assumed to be half a guided wavelength long and to have a given width. The Q-factor of the antenna is assumed to be high so that the current in the feed at resonance is negligible. The longitudinal current distribution along the patch is assumed to resemble that of a resonant end-fed half-wavelength segment of a microstrip transmission line. The transversal current is taken to be constant. The resulting integrals are estimated in an asymptotic form using finite series and product expansions. An empirical formula replaces the former one for higher values of dielectric constants. The simple expressions thus derived lend insight into the nature of dependence of the radiation resistance on the various parameters such as width, thickness, and relative dielectric constant. In spite of their simplicity, the formulas provide quite accurate results     

Home-based Detection and Prediction of Diabetic Foot Ulcers at EarlyStage Using Sensor Technology and Supervised Learning

For years, foot ulcers linked with diabetes mellitus and neuropathy have significantly impacted diabetic patients health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Diabetes foot ulcers impact 15% of all diabetic patients at some point in their lives. The facilities and resources used for DFU detection and treatment are only available at hospitals and clinics, which results in the unavailability of feasible and timely detection at an early stage. This necessitates the development of an at-home DFU detection system that enables timely predictions and seamless communication with users, thereby preventing amputations due to neglect and severity. This paper proposes a feasible system consisting of three major modules: an IoT device that works to sense foot nodes to send vibrations onto a foot sole, a machine learning model based on supervised learning which predicts the level of severity of the DFU using four different classification techniques including XGBoost, K-SVM, Random Forest, and Decision tree, and a mobile application that acts as an interface between the sensors and the patient. Based on the severity levels, necessary steps for prevention, treatment, and medications are recommended via the application.     

2D MXenes as a Promising Candidate for Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy: State of the Art,Recent Trends,and Future Prospects

Surface-enhanced enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has emerged as a powerful analytical technique for ultrasensitive and label-free detection of chemical species, with numerous applications in various fields. Recently, 2D MXenes, have evoked substantial intrigue as promising substrates for SERS. Hence, a comprehensive understanding of the developments in the Raman effect and the mechanisms involved in SERS is highly crucial. The review reflects the advances, working principle, and dual mechanisms, including SERS's electromagnetic and chemical mechanisms. Noble metal nanostructures are highly prioritized as SERS substrates owing to their excellent sensitivity. However, due to certain disadvantages that they pose, metal-free SERS substrates with exceptional tunable properties are extensively researched in the current days. The combination of 2D MXenes and nanostructures can be effective in producing enhanced SERS signals. SERS performance of different MXene-based materials is emphasized. The performance of this combination is credited to their large surface-to-volume ratio, good electrical conductivity, and surface-terminated functionalities. The recent advancements in MXenes and MXenes-based heterostructures driven SERS sensing concerning the structural design of the material, its performance, and the mechanisms are studied. Finally, a detailed conclusion is provided with the challenges and future perspectives for designing 2D materials for efficient SERS sensors.     

Leveraging AI-enabled 6G-driven IoT for sustainable smart cities

Many scholastic researches have begun around the globe about the competitive technological interventions like 5G communication networks and its challenges. The incipient technology of 6G networks has emerged to facilitate ultrareliable and low-latency applications for sustainable smart cities which are infeasible with the existing 4G/5G standards. Therefore, the advanced technologies like machine learning (ML), block chain, and Internet of Things (IoT) utilizing 6G network are leveraged to develop cost-efficient mechanisms to address the issues of excess communication overhead in the present state of the art. Initially, the authors discussed the key vision of 6G communication technologies, its core technologies (such as visible light communication [VLC] and THz), and the existing issues with the existing network generations (such as 5G and 4G). A detailed analysis of benefits, challenges, and applications of blockchain-enabled IoT devices with application verticals like Smart city, smart factory plus, automation, and XR that form the key highlights for 6G wireless communication network is also presented. In addition, the key applications and latest research of artificial intelligence (AI) in 6G are discussed facilitating the dynamic spectrum allocation mechanism and mobile edge computing. Lastly, an in-depth study of the existing open issues and challenges in green 6G communication network technology, as well as review of solutions and potential research recommendations are also presented.     

Numerical Study of JAM-GS-GAA FinFET: A Fin Aspect Ratio Optimization for Upgraded Analog and Intermodulation Distortion Performance

Silicon - This paper optimizes the fin aspect ratio (AR) of Junctionless Accumulation Mode Gate Stack Gate All Around (JAM-GS-GAA) FinFET with constant conducting channel area for upgraded static,...