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991.
Shufang Wang Yuanhui Ma Yanji Wang Wei Xue Xinqiang Zhao 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2008,83(11):1466-1471
BACKGROUND: A single‐step conversion of nitrobenzene (NB) to p‐aminophenol (PAP) through catalytic hydrogenation is a widely used synthesis route for PAP. The main shortcoming of this route is the use of sulfuric acid for rearrangement of the phenylhydroxylamine (PHA) intermediate. In this paper, S2O82?/ZrO2 (PSZ) solid acid and Pt‐S2O82?/ZrO2 (Pt‐PSZ) bifunctional catalysts were prepared for the synthesis of PAP in non‐acid medium. RESULTS: Calcination temperature has a substantial effect on the acidity, structure and activity for PHA rearrangement of PSZ. The highest PAP yield was 33.8% over PSZ calcined at 823 K when the reaction was carried out in water at 423 K. A high PAP yield of 23.9% was achieved by a single‐step reaction of nitrobenzene over Pt‐PSZ bifunctional catalysts. CONCLUSION: PSZ solid acid exhibits high activity for PHA rearrangement. Perfect tetragonal ZrO2 and much stronger acid sites play important roles in catalytic activity. Inhibiting the hydrogenation activity by reducing the amount of Pt loading on Pt‐PSZ can improve the competition of PHA rearrangement on acid sites with hydrogenation of PHA on metal active sites, resulting in better selectivity to PAP. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
992.
993.
Xinsheng Zhu Hansong Xu Jianmei Lu Juying Wang Shunhua Zhou 《Journal of Polymer Research》2008,15(4):295-300
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is of excellent mechanical properties and melt processability and is widely used as raw
material for textile fibers. However, the flame retardant properties of PET were rather poor, and both reactive and additive
phosphorus- and halogen-containing compounds have been employed to enhance the reaction-to-fire properties while the meltdripping
behaviour during burning hasn’t been handled properly with the flame retardants. In this work, fluoropolymer was blended with
both pure PET (pPET) and reactive phosphorus-containing flame retarded copolyester (fPET), and the flame retardance and char
formation and mechanical properties of the resulted pPET and fPET blends were investigated. The tensile strengths of modified
pPET samples were worsen whereas those of modified fPET samples were improved at low concentrations. The initial thermal degradation
in nitrogen was accelerated remarkably for the two polyesters with fluoropolymer. The oxygen indices of the all modified samples
were reduced while char formation and meltdripping suppression were encouraged. The apparent melt viscosity and elasticity
for the two polyesters were gained much with antidripping agent. Therefore, fluoropolymer improved char formation of the two
polyesters based on the gaseous phase mechanism while the partial suppression of meltdripping behavior and the decrease of
mechanical properties mainly originated from the increase of melt viscosity via fibrillation for pPET. 相似文献
994.
995.
稠油热采注汽管道由于长期在高温、高压下运行,极易发生各种损伤,如腐蚀、裂纹、材料退化等,极易造成管道承压能力降低,发生失效事故。如何检测出潜在危险性缺陷,判断注汽管道能否继续使用,是保证注汽管道安全运行的关键问题。探讨了高温压力管道在线检测技术发展现状及其应用范围。 相似文献
996.
后浇带质量控制的措施 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
后浇带起着超长建筑的温度伸缩、高层建筑高层部分与裙房间沉降缝的作用,已普遍采用,但有些工程由于施工不当,设了后浇带起不到应有作用,本文就施工中如何采取有效措施,对后浇带的质量进行控制,作了探讨,以期能真正发挥后浇带的作用。 相似文献
997.
1 项目建设的目的 秦皇岛发电有限责任公司原名秦皇岛热电厂,目前是一座装机容量100万千瓦的国有大型火力发电企业,年发电量68亿kWh.由于三期工程正在筹建,拟建2×30万kW供热发电机组.为了合理地利用三期工程排放的粉煤灰,不再新建储灰场污染环境,秦皇岛发电有限责任公司经过国内外详细考察,反复论证,认为最有效的大量利用途径之一是用其烧制粉煤灰烧结砖这种新型墙体材料.考虑到国内设备生产能力及粉煤灰掺量难以满足要求,因此,决定引进具有国际先进水平的设备.通过更换模具和改变原料配比,能生产高档清水砖、空心砖、不同规格与不同孔洞率的保温、承重与非承重砌块. 相似文献
998.
X.B. Tu B. Jian S.J. Wang H.Y. Bian J. Wang S.G. Li 《Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology incorporating Trenchless Technology Research》2005,20(4):1106
Granite is commonly recognized as an ideal medium for underground construction. However, in the site investigation for Heimifeng Pumped Storage Power Station project, it was found that there are swelling behaviors induced by alteration in granite and eventually causing slaking and disintegration of rock blocks. The study shows that hydrothermal alteration in granite is primarily due to the intrusion of multi-phase igneous magma. The clay minerals, such as montmorillonite, chlorite, kaolinite, are the main causes for the swelling behavior of granite. In the exploratory adits, alteration was observed to occur mainly along faults or fractures in the rock masses and resulted in roof caving if water is present. Some of the highly altered borehole cores swell and crack within 24 h in water and eventually disintegrate completely. From the testing results on the samples, the maximum axial free swelling strain is about 1.2%, while the maximum axial confined swelling strain is around 0.1% with swelling stress less than 25 kPa. Under free swelling tests, 80% of swelling is completed within 24 hours. Under confined swelling condition, swelling process is completed within 1 h for some samples, with 80% of maximum swelling strain finished within around 22 h for most of the samples. Contraction of samples occurs after swelling completed. The strength of granite, reflected by deformation and elastic moduli, shear strength, decreases due to alteration. The deformation and elastic moduli are even lower compared to highly weathered rock. The shear strength is between that for highly weathered and slightly weathered rocks. The swelling characteristics of the altered rock present great challenges for support or lining during construction and operation stages. Support or lining shall be in place immediately after excavation. Since the rock may swell when encountering water, the shotcrete shall be designed accordingly. During the construction of access tunnel and caverns, water shall be drained in time. Drainage directly from surface shall be avoided so as to prevent floor heave. 相似文献
999.
《石油沥青纸胎油毡》国家标准进行了第三次修订。本文介绍了修订的理由、修订的内容与依据,并与国内外同类产品标准进行了比较。 相似文献
1000.