Interpersonal complementarity and individual differences.

Interpersonal circumplex theory has predicted complementarity in interpersonal interactions to be expressed in the form of correspondence along the affiliation dimension (e.g., friendly behavior evokes friendliness) and reciprocity along the control dimension (e.g., dominance evokes submission). Prior research has supported the first prediction but not the second. It was hypothesized in this study that the inconsistent findings were due in part to the neglect of the importance of individual differences (personality) variables. Interpersonal process and individual differences variables were assessed jointly in this study, and it was found that affiliative behavior was due largely to situational (complementarity) effects and control behavior was due largely to individual differences. The results are discussed with respect to an integration of group–interpersonal process and individual differences research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Thermotropic liquid crystalline polyesters containing naphthalenic mesogenic groups

Summary Recently, the use of naphthalene in liquid crystalline compounds has become more commonplace primarily in the industrial research into LC polymers with wholly aromatic structures. A large number of compositions have appeared in the patent literature, and have been well summarized in several recent articles. Even though a large number of LC naphthalene-containing copolyesters have been prepared and reported, much of this work deals with wholly aromatic systems which include no flexible spacers. In order to investigate the effects that the naphthalene structure has on liquid crystalline behaviour, a series of low molecular weight model compounds and polymers with flexible spacers were synthesized and characterized.     

Elastic energy release rates determined from nonlinear load-deflection curves

The usual experimental determination of elastic energy release rates involves the measurement of load-deflection curves of selected specimen configurations with varying crack lengths. The desired energy release rate, is then related to the rate of change of the slope of this load-deflection curve with respect to the crack length.The determination of these slopes is sometimes complicated by virtue of nonlinear Hertzian type deformations at pins and holes. To circumvent such nonlinearities, it is customary to employ a reduced gage length. In practice, however, it is frequently desirable to utilize nonsymmetric specimens; in this case, reduced gage lengths cannot be used. Thus, one is forced to accept the nonlinear pin-to-pin measurements with the associated tendency to obscure the validity of the data with respect to the energy release rate determination. A procedure for utilizing these nonlinear curves is suggested and verified experimentally.

---

Zusammenfassung Zur experimentellen Bestimmung des Relaxationsgrades der elastischen Energie werden gewöhnlich die BelastungsDehnungskurven an mit Rissen verschiedener Länge verschenen Proben passender geometrischer Form gemessen. Anschließend wird der Relaxationsgrad der Energie gegen die Änderung der Steigung der gegebenen Rißlänge entsprechenden Dehnungskurve aufgetragen.Die Bestimmung dieser Steigungen wird manchmal durch das Auftreten nichtlinearer Hertz'scher Verformungen an den Einspannvorrichtungen gestört. Solche Unlinearitäten können durch Verwendung einer verkürzten Mcßbasis vermieden werden. In der Praxis ist es jedoch Mufig erfordert unsymmetrische Proben zu verwenden; hier ist die Anwendung einer solchen McBbasis dann nicht mehr möglich.Deshalb ist man gezwungen sich auf die unlinearen Messungen von Achse zu Achse zu stützen, wobei die Gültigkeit des Versuchs in Frage gestellt werden kann, falls es sich um die Bestimmung des Energie-Relaxationsgrades handelt. Es wird ein Verfahren zur Auswertung solcher nichtlinearer Kurven angegeben and seine Fiabilität wird experimentell bewiesen.

---

Résumé Pour déterminer expérimentalement les taux de relaxation de l'énergie élastique, on a coutume de mesurer les courbes charges-déplacements d'éprouvettes de géométries adéquates, pourvues de fissures de longueurs variables.Le taux de relaxation de 1'energie est ensuite mis en relation avec le taux de changement de pente de la courbe déplacement correspondante avec la longueur de fissuration.II arrive que la détermination de ces pentes soit rendue compliquée par les déformations non linéaires hertziennes qui se produisent cans le système axes-alésages de la mise en charge. De telles non-linéarités peuvent êtres évitées en utilisant une base de mesure de longueur réduite. Toutefois, dans la pratique, il est fréquent de devoir recourir à des éprouvettes non symétriques; sous ces conditions, il ne peut titre fait usage d'une telle base de mesure.Dès lors, on est biers forcé de se rapporter à des mesures d'axe à axe, dont la non linéarité pent avoir pour conséquence de masquer la validité de l'expérience, lorsque celle-ci vise à la détermination du taux d'énergie relaxée. L'objet de ce mémoire est de suggérer une procédure d'utilisation de ces courbes non linéaires, et d'en démontrer la fiabilité par voie expérimentale.

---

Nomenclature a Crack or slot length, inches - cmacr Compliance, deflection per unit load per unit thickness, cmacr =y/(P/t) = y/Pmacr - E Young's Modulus, psi - L Length of specimen, in. - Elastic energy release rate, in.-lb./sq. in. - K Stress intensity factor, psi (in.)^1/2 - K//a Dimensionless stress intensity factor ratio - P Load, lb. - Pmacr Load per unit thickness, lbs./in. - Uniform stress applied to ends of specimen, psi - t Thickness, in. - W Work, in.-lb. - w Width of specimen, in. - a/w Crack length to specimen width ratio - y Deflection, inches, either pin-to-pin or head-to-head, see Fig. 1     

Correlates of depression among long-term insulin-dependent diabetics.

Examined the degree to which demographic characteristics, marital and family relationships, knowledge and management of disease, number and severity of complications, self-esteem, locus of control, and life satisfaction were related to depression among 57 long-term insulin-dependent diabetics (mean age 43.5 yrs). Ss were administered the Beck Depression Inventory, an interview schedule, a complications checklist, the Coopersmith Self-esteem Inventory, Rotter's Internal–External Locus of Control Scale, and the Life Satisfaction Index. Depression was found to be related to age and number of children, marital relationship variables, management of diet, coping with complications, and self-esteem. All but 1 of the Ss were suffering from at least 1 of the serious complications of diabetes. The number of complications and severity of complications were significantly related to degree of depression, but both number and severity failed to contribute significantly to depression in multiple-regression analysis. (21 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Determination of nitrogen in sand using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

The use of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to detect a variety of elements in soils has been demonstrated and instruments have been developed to facilitate these measurements. The ability to determine nitrogen in soil is also important for applications ranging from precision farming to space exploration. For terrestrial use, the ideal situation is for measurements to be conducted in the ambient air, thereby simplifying equipment requirements and speeding the analysis. The high concentration of nitrogen in air, however, is a complicating factor for soil nitrogen measurements. Here we present the results of a study of LIBS detection of nitrogen in sand at atmospheric and reduced pressures to evaluate the method for future applications. Results presented include a survey of the nitrogen spectrum to determine strong N emission lines and determination of measurement precision and a detection limit for N in sand (0.8% by weight). Our findings are significantly different from those of a similar study recently published regarding the detection of nitrogen in soil.     

An alternative procedure to screen mixture combinatorial libraries for selectors for chiral chromatography

An alternative process for the analysis of mixture library components for their potential as selectors for chiral chromatography is described. The procedure involves the immobilization of each enantiomer of the target racemic analyte to silica gel, followed by incubation of each resulting stationary phase with a mixture library. The adsorbed library components on the two stationary phases are then analyzed by reversed-phase liquid chromatography. A comparison of the resulting two chromatograms is made. Any peak of identical retention time but with a significant difference in intensity in the two chromatograms indicates that this component is most likely a chiral selector. Its chemical structure is then determined by LC-MS or LC-MS-MS. This new screening method significantly increases the efficiency of chiral selector determination by eliminating the need for multilibrary syntheses, as opposed to our previous method. This technique should also allow for the screening of much larger libraries as compared to our previous work.     

Application of pulsed HV discharges to material fragmentation andrecycling

The physical basis of electric impulse fragmentation and its applications to the recycling of composite materials are reviewed. The method is based on the initiation of a pulsed electric discharge inside the solid dielectric material. With pulse amplitudes of ~300 kV, material layers of ~2 cm can be punctured. Specific energy deposition, of ≲100 J/cm at a GW power level, leads to pressure buildup of ≲10¹⁰ Pa in the discharge channel. Pressure waves and radially propagating cracks are launched into the solid body, which can lead to the separation of inclusions from the matrix or to detachment at material boundaries. To induce the discharge in the solid dielectric it must be immersed in a dielectric liquid with higher breakdown strength. Most applications use water, which has excellent breakdown strength at fast ramp rates and, due to its high permittivity, leads to field concentration in the solid dielectric. Electric impulse fragmentation is a clean physical method without any environmental burden and therefore well suited for recycling applications. In this paper we consider applications in the fields of demolition debris, incineration ashes, contaminated surface layers, electric appliances, glass, and elastoplastic materials. Finally, the economy and the scaling of the technique to large material throughput are discussed     

First experiences with the new W7-X like control system at the WEGA stellarator

The new quality of the superconducting fusion device Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) is its capability of steady state operation. Additionally the fusion device W7-X is a very complex technical system. The modular and strongly hierarchical control system has been designed to cope with these two requirements unique for fusion devices.To minimize the risks before commissioning the control and data acquisition system at W7-X it will be thoroughly tested in a prototype installation at the WEGA stellarator. WEGA is a classical stellarator which allows steady state plasma pulses at a magnetic field of 0.5 T. Despite its lesser complexity WEGA has the same main components, e.g. magnetic coil systems, ECRH, and diagnostics as W7-X and is therefore considered to be a suitable test-bed for the control system.The installation of the new W7-X like control and data acquisition system has been finished in March this year. Individual components of the control system have already been commissioned during the installation phase. In April final commissioning and testing of the complete system took place. First discharges fully controlled by the prototype control system have been realized.The contribution will focus on first discharges controlled by the new system. Furthermore it presents first experiences that will incorporate into the further development of the control system and the tools for planning, preparation, and realization of plasma discharges.