Use of the behavior problem checklist with psychotic adolescents.

Compared teacher ratings on the Behavior Problem Checklist of 56 adolescents who (a) were clinically diagnosed as schizophrenic (psychotic) and (b) had an adjustment reaction of adolescence (nonpsychotic). The schizophrenics tended to be rated as more deviant on both the flag items and Inadequacy–Immaturity dimensions of the checklist, whereas the adjustment reaction group was rated higher on the Conduct Problem and Socialized Delinquency dimensions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Novel taste facilitation of the association of visual cues with toxicosis in rats.

Conducted 3 experiments with 118 male Long-Evans rats to examine the conditions under which rats rapidly learn to avoid ingesting visually distinctive food objects associated with toxicosis. It was found that the presence of a novel taste associated with a visually distinctive food object facilitated acquisition of visual-cue/toxicosis associations. Further experiments failed to support either higher order conditioning or sensory preconditioning models of this phenomenon. Results are discussed in terms of species differences in the conditions under which attention is directed to visual cues associated with ingesta. The implications of these findings for the existence of visual aposematisms (warning colors) in naturally occurring toxic species are also examined. (20 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Reviews

LAND INTO LANDSCAPE by John M. Hunter, George Godwin/Longmans, 1985, 182 pp, £25.00

EATON ESTATE: LANDSCAPE CONSERVATION PLAN: Abridged Version of the Landscape Consultants' Report by Ian Laurie et al, Department of Town and Country Planning: University of Manchester, 1983.

DISCOVERING THE VERNACULAR LANDSCAPE by John B. Jackson, 165 pages, Yale University Press, 1984, $16.50.

THE ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS OF OUTDOOR RECREATION ON MOUNTAIN AREAS IN EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA edited by N. G. Bayfield and G. C. Barrow. Published by Recreation Ecology Research Group 1985, Report No. 9.     

Design-build projects in architectural education

Design-build projects at the Welsh School of Architecture are described. Based in the ‘real world’ a design-build project differs significantly from the traditional studio-based design exercise. In particular it has the added ingredient of the tactile experience, which as defined here is more than just the direct physical contact with materials, but encompasses and emphasises the closeness of the students to the processes of decision making, designing, and building. The paper outlines what is learnt when the building site becomes the laboratory for learning, and identifies the difficulties encountered when students construct buildings and participate in projects with user/client groups within the community.     

Utilisation de l'argile expansee pour preparer des betons de ciment et des betons bitumineux

This paper presents the main types of lightweight aggregates used in Rumania, insisting on the characteristics and the utilization of expanded clay. The physical and mechanical characteristics and the use of the cement concrete and asphalt concrete, both prepared with expanded clay, are also presented.     

Testosterone worsens endothelial dysfunction associated with hypercholesterolemia and environmental tobacco smoke exposure in male rabbit aorta

OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of interaction of sex hormones, hypercholesterolemia (HC) and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure on endothelium-dependent relaxation, we examined vascular reactivity in vitro in an animal model of atherogenesis. BACKGROUND: Animal and human studies indicate the presence of interactions between classic coronary artery disease risk factors and endothelium-dependent relaxation. Sex hormones have also been shown to influence release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor. METHODS: New Zealand White rabbits were randomized to receive either an HC diet (n = 8) or ETS exposure plus HC diet (n = 8). Eight rabbits receiving a normal diet, without exposure to ETS, served as the control group. The HC diet consisted of 3% soybean oil and 0.3% cholesterol by weight over 13 weeks. The source of ETS was sidestream smoke of 4 cigarettes/15 min, 6 h/day, 5 days/week over 10 weeks in a smoking chamber. Rabbits were killed, and fresh aortic rings were harvested and maintained in oxygenated Krebs solution in an organ bath at 37 degrees C. Rings were precontracted with norepinephrine and exposed to acetylcholine in increasing doses, and isometric tension was recorded. Rings were also exposed to physiologic concentrations (1 nmol/liter) of either 17-beta-estradiol, testosterone or progesterone before pre-contraction with norepinephrine and relaxation with acetylcholine. Endothelium-independent relaxation was studied using nitroglycerin. The surface area of the ring covered by lipids was measured by Sudan IV staining. RESULTS: HC and ETS significantly reduced endothelium-dependent relaxation (p = 0.01 and p < 0.0005, respectively) and caused atherogenesis (p < 0.0005 and p = 0.047, respectively) but did not affect endothelium-independent relaxation. Incubation with estradiol and estradiol plus progesterone did not influence endothelium-dependent relaxation. Testosterone reduced endothelium-dependent relaxation (p = 0.049) and augmented the endothelial dysfunction associated with ETS exposure and HC (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Both HC and ETS are atherogenic and impair endothelial function but do not affect endothelium-independent relaxation. Physiologic levels of estradiol and estradiol plus progesterone do not affect endothelium-dependent relaxation. Physiologic levels of testosterone impair relaxation and augment the endothelial dysfunction associated with ETS exposure and HC.     

The Influence of Inverter Feeding on the Apparent Stray Inductance of Asynchronous Machines

The stray inductance is an important parameter for the design of inverters feeding asynchronous machines. Measurements are proposed which are relevant for determining the apparent stray inductance of an inverter-fed asynchronous machine. These measurements show that the apparent stray inductance is considerably smaller than the one obtained with classical sinusoidal methods. This amounts to smaller commutating capacitors in current source inverter (CSI) motor drives. A theoretical explanation for this phenomenon is presented and confirmed by calculation.