Fabrication of submicron-sized copper structures on pre-patterned self-assembled monolayer and Langmuir-Blodgett films

The fabrication of a metal microstructure on pre-patterned organic templates, prepared using SAM and LB techniques is described. The OTS derivatized substrate was oxidized by AFM anodic oxidation at the threshold voltage. Site-selective copper structure was then fabricated on the locally modified monolayer based on pre-designed patterns. The sequential adsorption-reduction of copper ion was carried out, leading to improved metal coverage and a reduction in defects.     

Bayesian object extraction from uncalibrated image pairs

This paper proposes a region-based algorithm for the extraction of foreground objects in uncalibrated images or video sequences. At the initialization step, a pair of images are overly segmented based on color and texture. Then, several dominant transforms that represent the relationship between two images are found, and each pixel is transformed by these transformations. By considering transform parameters and using the proposed area-ratio test, each pixel is assigned to a background or an object. We consider the resulting binary image as a binary random field, from which the likelihood of being foreground is computed for each initial segment. Using the likelihood model for each segment and the a priori assumption on the smoothness of labels, Bayesian approach is applied to label the segments. Experiments on various images and videos show promising results that the objects are clearly extracted.     

Synthesis and monomer reactivity ratio of cobalt‐containing hybrid polysilanes

Dichloromethylsilylcobaltcarbonyl (DCMSC) was synthesized by the reaction of dichloromethylsilane (DCMS) with dicobaltoctacarbonyl (DCOC) and used to prepare metal‐containing polysilanes. Copolymers of DCMSC with dichlorodimethyl‐ (DCDMS), dichlorodiethyl‐ (DCDES), dichloromethylphenyl‐ (DCMPS) silane were obtained using reductive coupling polymerization. The molecular weight of the copolymers increased regularly in the initial stage of the reaction but approached equilibrium values as the reaction proceeded. Depending on the monomer reactivity ratios, copolymers 2, 3 and 4 could have either alternating or block‐like copolymer structures. Increasing amounts of carbons in the side‐chain of the copolymers leads to block‐like composition. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

GMR and magnetodynamics of MnIr spin valves depending on growth order of FM and AFM Layers

We have investigated the influence of deposition order of spin-valve (SV) layers on the giant magnetoresistance and magnetic domain structures of top-deposited Si-Ta-Co-Cu-Co-Ir/sub 20/Mn/sub 80/-Ta (TSV) and bottom-deposited Si-Ta-Ir/sub 20/Mn/sub 80/-Co-Cu-Co-Ta (BSV). The TSV has a maximum MR ratio of about 9.6%, whereas that of the BSV is about 3%. Magnetooptical imaging revealed that the magnetization reversal of both samples occurs by nucleation, extension, and annihilation of microsize domains. It was found that, unlike the TSV, the BSV changes its unidirectional anisotropy in an applied magnetic field. The difference in the domain behavior and in the GMR of the spin valves with top and bottom antiferromagnetic layer deposition could be attributed to differences in defect structures.     

Risk factors associated with uterine cervical cancer in Korea: a case-control study with special reference to sexual behavior

We have obtained sediment samples from the world's deepest sea-bottom, the Mariana Trench challenger point at a depth of 10,898 m, using the new unmanned submersible Kaiko. DNA was extracted from the sediment, and DNA fragments encoding several prokaryotic ribosomal RNA small-subunit sequences and pressure-regulated gene clusters, typically identified in deep-sea adapted bacteria, were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction. From the sequencing results, at least two kinds of bacterial 16S rRNAs closely related to those of the genus Pseudomonas and deep-sea adapted marine bacteria, and archaeal 16S rRNAs related to that of a planktonic marine archaeon were identified. The sequences of the amplified pressure-regulated clusters were more similar to those of deep-sea barophilic bacteria than those of barotolerant bacteria. These results suggest that deep-sea adapted barophilic bacteria, planktonic marine archaea, and some of the world's most widespread bacteria (the genus Pseudomonas) coexist on the world's deepest sea-bottom.     

Potent HIV protease inhibitors incorporating high-affinity P2-ligands and (R)-(hydroxyethylamino)sulfonamide isostere

We performed percutaneous balloon pericardiotomy and pulmonary valvuloplasty in a woman affected with cardiac and pericardial involvement from a primary pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Pericardial window was indicated for a recurrent, symptomatic, pericardial effusion. Valvular stenosis was severe and related to metastatic infiltration of cardiac tissue. Open surgery was avoided and the procedures were completed in two steps under local anesthesia in less than 60 min. The patient had no recurrence of pulmonary stenosis or pericardial effusion at 7 months post treatment. Transcatheter techniques are successful in helping to manage malignant diseases with cardiac metastasis, particularly in critically-ill patients. It may become the preferred treatment for avoiding a more invasive procedure for patients with a limited life expectancy.     

Fiber grating sensors

We review the recent developments in the area of optical fiber grating sensors, including quasi-distributed strain sensing using Bragg gratings, systems based on chirped gratings, intragrating sensing concepts, long period-based grating sensors, fiber grating laser-based systems, and interferometric sensor systems based on grating reflectors     

High performance quadruple sub-harmonic mixer for millimeter-wave applications

In this paper, we present high performance quadruple sub-harmonic mixers for millimeter-wave applications. The sub-harmonic mixer was designed by using 0.1 μm GaAs PHEMT's and the coplanar wave-guide library. We show the low conversion loss of 5.8 dB at a local oscillator (LO) power of 13 dBm from the fabricated sub-harmonic mixers. The V-band sub-harmonic mixer also ensure a high degree of isolation showing −75.0 dB in the LO-to-IF and −48.1 dB in the LO-to-RF at a frequency of 14.5 GHz, respectively. The fabricated V-band sub-harmonic mixer has a lower conversion loss characteristics compared with ever reported mixers for millimeter frequencies.