Locking and Unlocking the Molecular Spin Crossover Transition

The Fe(II) spin crossover complex [Fe{H₂B(pz)₂}₂(bipy)] (pz = pyrazol‐1‐yl, bipy = 2,2′‐bipyridine) can be locked in a largely low‐spin‐state configuration over a temperature range that includes temperatures well above the thermal spin crossover temperature of 160 K. This locking of the spin state is achieved for nanometer thin films of this complex in two distinct ways: through substrate interactions with dielectric substrates such as SiO₂ and Al₂O₃, or in powder samples by mixing with the strongly dipolar zwitterionic p ‐benzoquinonemonoimine C₆H₂(—? NH₂)₂(—? O)₂. Remarkably, it is found in both cases that incident X‐ray fluences then restore the [Fe{H₂B(pz)₂}₂(bipy)] moiety to an electronic state characteristic of the high spin state at temperatures of 200 K to above room temperature; that is, well above the spin crossover transition temperature for the pristine powder, and well above the temperatures characteristic of light‐ or X‐ray‐induced excited‐spin‐state trapping. Heating slightly above room temperature allows the initial locked state to be restored. These findings, supported by theory, show how the spin crossover transition can be manipulated reversibly around room temperature by appropriate design of the electrostatic and chemical environment.     

Quantum algorithm for the asymmetric weight decision problem and its generalization to multiple weights

As one of the applications of Grover search, an exact quantum algorithm for the symmetric weight decision problem of a Boolean function has been proposed recently. Although the proposed method shows a quadratic speedup over the classical approach, it only applies to the symmetric case of a Boolean function whose weight is one of the pair {0 < w ₁ < w ₂ < 1, w ₁ + w ₂ = 1}. In this article, we generalize this algorithm in two ways. Firstly, we propose a quantum algorithm for the more general asymmetric case where {0 < w ₁ < w ₂ < 1}. This algorithm is exact and computationally optimal. Secondly, we build on this to exactly solve the multiple weight decision problem for a Boolean function whose weight as one of {0 < w ₁ < w ₂ < · · · < w _m  < 1}. This extended algorithm continues to show a quantum advantage over classical methods. Thirdly, we compare the proposed algorithm with the quantum counting method. For the case with two weights, the proposed algorithm shows slightly lower complexity. For the multiple weight case, the two approaches show different performance depending on the number of weights and the number of solutions. For smaller number of weights and larger number of solutions, the weight decision algorithm can show better performance than the quantum counting method. Finally, we discuss the relationship between the weight decision problem and the quantum state discrimination problem.     

Sunstations

A method of obtaining insolation data is described which provides information directly useable in the sizing of solar equipment. The method is particularly valuable for the collection of data at a large number of sites where equipment cost and availability of technically trained personnel are critical. The device consists of a calibrated solar cell, and electrochemical accumulator and associated electronic equipment having the following characteristics: capacity 13 GJ/m² (3600 kW hr/m²); temperature range −55 to +71°C; low cost; no field maintenance; reproducibility ±5 per cent.     

Interpersonal behavior in a changing organization.

Developed an instrument assessing organization members' perceptions of their own interpersonal behavior and applied it in a study of staff reorganization in a mental hospital to test hypotheses that reactions differed between job levels, similar organizational units, and times of measurement. Analysis of variance showed consistent significant differences between job levels but no consistent differences between similar units or times of measurement. Existence of many stable emergent organizational characteristics were not demonstrated; instead the data were viewed as a demonstration of the effects of bureaucratic control. Reliability and validity of the approach are considered promising. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

GaInP/InGaAs/GaAs graded barrier MODFET grown by OMVPE: design,fabrication, and device results

Ga_xIn_1-xP/Ga_yIn_1-x As/GaAs Modulation Doped Field Effect Transistors (MODFET's) with a pseudomorphic barrier and a pseudomorphic channel were grown by Organo Metallic Vapor Phase Epitaxy (OMVPE). This material system is promising for advanced MODFET's on GaAs for high frequency and power applications, because of the large discontinuity in the conduction band, advantages in the processing and the capability to increase the energy separation between the bottom of the conduction band and Fermi level by compositionally grading the barriers. Record 2-dimensional Electron Gas (2-DEG) carrier densities of 3.1·10¹² cm^-2 for single-sided MODFET's were measured. Measured RF power at 10 GHz for 0.25 pm devices was ⩾0.4 W/mm. For the first time cutoff frequencies f_T and f_max exceeding 105 and 188 GHz, respectively, were obtained for this material system with 0.1 μm gate-length MODFET's     

A probabilistic method for establishing the transformer capacity insubstations based on the loss of transformer expected life

A method is presented for computing reliability indices, probability, duration frequency, and the loss of transformer expected life. The probabilistic model takes into account the variables affecting the loss of transformer expected life, daily load curve, transformer forced outage rate, outage duration, occurrence time of forced outage and expected overload duration. Comparing the results of this model with those of Monte Carlo simulation an acceptable degree of accuracy is achieved. From the reliability indices, a reliability criterion is obtained for rating transformers in substations, which have traditionally been rated on the basis of conservative deterministic criteria