制革生态学(续六)

4 Finishing The purpose of finishing leather is to improve its serviceability by protecting it from damage by water, soil and mechanical action. Finishing modifies the shade, gloss and handle of the leather, improves its physical properties such as its lightfasthess and rubfastness, and hides any defects and     

Robust FIPP p-cycles against dual link failures

We propose a new generic flow formulation for Failure-Independent Path-Protecting (FIPP) p-cycles subject to multiple failures. While our new model resembles the decomposition model formulation proposed by Orlowski and Pioro (Networks, 2011) in the case of classical shared path protection, its originality lies in its adaptation to FIPP p-cycles. When adapted to that last pre-configured pre-cross connected protection scheme, the bandwidth sharing constraints must be handled in a different way in order to take care of the sharing along the FIPP p-cycles. It follows that, instead of a polynomial-time solvable pricing problem as in the model of Orlowski and Pioro (Networks, 2011), we end up with a much more complex pricing problem, which has an exponential number of constraints due to some subtour elimination constraints. Consequently, in order to efficiently solve the pricing problem, we consider: (i) a hierarchical decomposition of the original pricing problem; (ii) heuristics in order to go around the large number of constraints in the pricing problem. Performance evaluation is made in the case of FIPP p-cycles subject to dual failures. For small to medium size networks, the proposed model remains fairly scalable for increasing percentages of dual failures, and requires much less bandwidth than p-cycle protection schemes (ratio varies from 2 to 4). For larger networks, heuristics are required in order to keep computing times reasonable. In the particular case of single link failures, it compares very favorably (5 to 10 % of bandwidth saving) to the previously proposed column generation ILP model of Rocha, Jaumard and Stidsen (Telecommun. Syst., 2012).     

Large ovarian endometriomas

The management of large endometriomas was described in a series of 814 patients. Combined therapy using gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) and carbon dioxide laser laparoscopy was proposed. Drainage and GnRHa for 12 weeks provoked a reduction of the endometrioma size up to 50% of the initial value. After vaporization of the internal wall, a cumulative pregnancy of 51% after 1 year was achieved. A recurrence rate of 8% was observed for a follow-up of 2-11 years. Histological data demonstrated that the epithelium covering the ovary which is the mesothelium can invaginate in the ovarian cortex. Some of the invaginations were seen to be continuous with endometrial tissue, strongly suggesting the metaplasia theory in the pathogenesis of ovarian endometrioma.     

Adolescent Gambling: Relationships With Parent Gambling and Parenting Practices.

This study explored the possible links between family risk factors (i.e., parent gambling and parenting practices) and adolescent gambling. A community sample of 938 adolescents (496 females and 442 males) completed the South Oaks Gambling Screen Revised for Adolescents (SOGS-RA; K. C. Winters, R. Stinchfield, & J. Fulkerson, 1993b) along with a questionnaire assessing parenting practices. Both parents completed the SOGS (H. R. Lesieur & S. B. Blume, 1987). Results showed that adolescent gambling frequency was related to both parents' gambling frequency and problems. However, adolescent gambling problems were linked only to fathers' severity of gambling problems. Low levels of parental monitoring enhanced adolescents' risk of getting involved in gambling activities and developing related problems. A higher level of inadequate disciplinary practices was also related to greater gambling problems in youth. These links were significant after controlling for socioeconomic status, gender, and impulsivity- hyperactivity problems. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Das Verhältnis der Stabilisotopen18O und16O zur Beurteilung von Auslandswein

The relation of the stabile isotopes¹⁸O/¹⁶O was determined as deviation from an internationally accepted standard (Delta-value in per mil.; standard SMOW) with SIRA in 359 wines of Tunis, Portugal, Greece, Italy, Spain and Hungary. The determined relation is primary influenced by the geografical latitude of the wine region. The influence of the year and the climatic effect of certain areas increases from the south to the north. The results of individual climatical homogeneous areas are combined. They can serve as provisional base of knowledge in order to indicate the addition of water and false declarations of the origin of wines. Furthermore, information is given about the Delta-values of the ground-water of different regions, which are completely negative. Examples were given how to quantify the addition of water by using the Delta-values of authentic wines and ground-water. Some examples for falsification of wines are described. What ist further needed for using the¹⁸O/¹⁶O-ratio in the routine analysis of wines is discussed.     

Structure of the common channel signalling network

This paper presents the results of a research on the organisation of common channel signalling network CCITTn° 7 for the French network. It proves that for economical and reliability reasons, one should choose a structure with an assignment of each signalling point to the two transfert points with which its traffic affinity is greater, instead of the classical duplicated transfer point structure.     

Application de la simulation sur ordinateur à l'interprétation des diagrammes de diffraction obtenus à partir de très petites particules: cas de l'or condensé sur NaCl

A simulated microdiffraction diagram from gold particles condensed onto a cleavage face of NaCl was obtained with a computer. The electron micrographs show that these particles have an anomalous structure leading to a particular distribution of diffracted intensities and to characteristic contrasts; this is the basis for our atomic model. The calculations performed with this model produce a simulated pattern of diffraction points which agree in their position and intensity with the observed ones, especially for the (111) ring. These results confirm the validity of the proposed model.     

Structure et orientation de petits agrégats de platine déposés sur NaCl et sur mica

The structure of small platinum particles condensed in vacuum onto NaCl (001), NaCl (111) and mica substrates was studied by electron diffraction and electron microscopy. Results show that above a certain substrate temperature decahedral or icosahedral particles are formed. These particles are practically absent with substrates cleaved in high vacuum. They are always much less numerous than in gold films prepared under the same conditions. We attempt to explain this fact by assuming that: (1) the initial growth of an abnormal structure of the nuclei is opposed by the substrate; (2) the particles disappear before they attain a size which corresponds to our observations; and (3) the particles result from a coalescence mechanism leading to multiply twinned particles.