Organic contamination of settled house dust, a review for exposure assessment purposes

People spend a considerable amount of time indoors. As a result, exposure to indoor contaminants is of great concern, notably via settled dust ingestion in particular for infants and toddlers. This paper proposes a critical review on the organic contamination of settled house dust and human exposure over the past 10 years and focused on sources, contaminations and measurement methods (sampling, pretreatment, storage and analysis). As many compounds were identified, arises the question of which ones to consider. Sensitive and selective analytical methods for simultaneous determination of targeted substances should be developed and evaluated. Various methods were described for sampling and sample preparation. Harmonization and standardization are needed to enable comparison of results from similar studies. Finally, an integrated multipollutant and multicompartment (settled dust, suspended particles and air) approach appears essential in order to determine the extent of the threat to public health posed by indoor contaminants.     

Impact of Thermal Blanching and Thermosonication Treatments on Watercress (Nasturtium officinale) Quality: Thermosonication Process Optimisation and Microstructure Evaluation

The objectives of the present work were to optimise watercress heat and thermosonication blanching conditions, in order to obtain a product with better quality for further freezing, and to evaluate the effects of thermosonication on the microstructure of watercress leaves. In a chart of optimal time–temperature conditions for a 90% peroxidase inactivation (imposed constraint), vitamin C (objective function) and a-value (improvement toward green) were mathematically predicted for both heat and thermosonication blanching treatments. Two optimal thermosonication combinations were selected: 92 °C and 2 s, retaining 95% of vitamin C content and 5% a-value improvement, and a better condition in terms of practical feasibility, 86 °C and 30 s, allowing a 75% vitamin C retention and 8% a-value improvement. The experimental values, for each thermosonication optimal time–temperature zone, were in good agreement with the models' predicted responses. In terms of microstructure, thermosonicated watercress at 86 and 92 °C showed similar loss of turgor and release of chloroplasts. The proposed optimal thermosonication blanching conditions allow the improvement of the blanched watercress quality and consequently contribute for the development of a high-quality new frozen product. However, a suitable scale-up is mandatory for industrial implementation.     

两个链状稀土配位聚合物的合成、结构及热动力学

采用水热法合成两个稀土羧酸配位聚合物{Ln(H2L)(HL)(H2O)}n,{H3L=5-(对羧苄氧基)-1,3-苯二甲酸;Ln=La(1)、Nd(2)}.通过元素分析,红外光谱以及X-射线单晶衍射分析确定配合物的晶体结构.根据普适积分法对配合物的热重图谱进行热动力学分析.结果显示,两个配位聚合物属同构物,均为三斜晶系,P-1空间群.与中心稀土离子参与配位的两个5-(对羧苄氧基)-1,3-苯二甲酸配体中,一个配体中有两个羧基氧参与配位,而另一个配体只有一个羧基参与配位;配位单元LnO9的空间构型为扭曲的三帽三棱柱结构.LnO9通过羧基氧原子桥联成一维链状结构,链状结构之间通过氢键形成三维网络结构.热重分析显示配合物有很高的热稳定性,普适积分法求出配合物两次失重过程的热分解动力学的三因子,并得出决定两个配合物失重过程反应速率的关键步骤为随机成核和随后生长机理.     

Evaluation of Alternative Preservation Treatments (Water Heat Treatment,Ultrasounds, Thermosonication and UV-C Radiation) to Improve Safety and Quality of Whole Tomato

Previously optimised postharvest treatments were compared to conventional chlorinated water treatment in terms of their effects on the overall quality of tomato (‘Zinac’) during storage at 10 °C. The treatments in question were water heat treatment (WHT?=?40 °C, 30 min), ultrasounds (US?=?45 kHz, 80 %, 30 min), thermosonication (TS?=?40 °C, 30 min, 45 kHz, 80 %) and ultraviolet irradiation (UV-C: 0.97 kJ m^?2). The quality factors evaluated were colour, texture, sensorial analysis, mass loss, antioxidant capacity, total phenolic content, peroxidase and pectin methylesterase enzymatic activities, and microbial load reduction. The results demonstrate that all treatments tested preserve tomato quality to some extent during storage at 10 °C. WHT, TS and UV-C proved to be more efficient on minimising colour and texture changes with the additional advantage of microbial load reduction, leading to a shelf life extension when compared to control trials. However, at the end of storage, with exception of WHT samples, the antioxidant activity and phenolic content of treated samples was lower than for control samples. Moreover, sensorial results were well correlated with instrumental colour experimental data. This study presents alternative postharvest technologies that improve tomato (Zinac) quality during shelf life period and minimise the negative impact of conventional chlorinated water on human safety, health and environment.     

大孔吸附树脂在植物多酚分离纯化中的应用现状

本文综述了植物多酚特有的化学结构、生物活性及其分离纯化的常见方法,比较了各种方法的优缺点,结果表明大孔吸附树脂法在分离纯化多酚中具有独特的优势;进而重点阐述了大孔吸附树脂的特性、分离原理、吸附机理和解析作用,以及国内外应用大孔树脂分离纯化多酚方面的研究进展,并对其应用前景进行了展望。      

树脂软模板修饰铁掺杂g-C3N4光催化剂的制备及性能

采用一步熔融法,将三聚氰胺甲醛树脂MF与铁元素一同掺杂到纳米g-C₃N₄上,成功获得树脂软模板修饰铁掺杂g-C₃N₄新型复合光催化剂g-C₃N₄/MF/Fe。采用X射线多晶衍射分析(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外漫反射光谱(UV-vis)等多种手段对掺杂前后的复合光催化剂进行了表征。以罗丹明B为染料模型,研究了复合催化剂的染料降解性能。结果表明,将MF树脂与铁元素一同掺杂到g-C₃N₄上,复合光催化剂对罗丹明B有优异的降解能力,40 min可以实现染料完全降解,催化剂的禁带宽度由2.63 eV降低至1.43 eV。