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91.
A fractional step method for the solution of steady and unsteady incompressible Navier–Stokes equations is outlined. The method is based on a finite-volume formulation and uses the pressure in the cell center and the mass fluxes across the faces of each cell as dependent variables. Implicit treatment of convective and viscous terms in the momentum equations enables the numerical stability restrictions to be relaxed. The linearization error in the implicit solution of momentum equations is reduced by using three subiterations in order to achieve second order temporal accuracy for time-accurate calculations. In spatial discretizations of the momentum equations, a high-order (third and fifth) flux-difference splitting for the convective terms and a second-order central difference for the viscous terms are used. The resulting algebraic equations are solved with a line-relaxation scheme which allows the use of large time step. A four color ZEBRA scheme is employed after the line-relaxation procedure in the solution of the Poisson equation for pressure. This procedure is applied to a Couette flow problem using a distorted computational grid to show that the method minimizes grid effects. Additional benchmark cases include the unsteady laminar flow over a circular cylinder for Reynolds numbers of 200, and a 3-D, steady, turbulent wingtip vortex wake propagation study. The solution algorithm does a very good job in resolving the vortex core when fifth-order upwind differencing and a modified production term in the Baldwin–Barth one-equation turbulence model are used with adequate grid resolution. 相似文献
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Samples were collected between May 2003 and May 2004 in Izmir, Turkey to measure dry and wet deposition of formaldehyde (HCHO). Particle-phase HCHO fluxes measured with dry deposition plates ranged between 2 and 56 microg m(-2) day(-1) (average+/-SD, 17+/-12 microg m(-2) day(-1)). Particulate phase dry deposition velocities calculated using the particulate fluxes measured and ambient particulate concentrations ranged from 0.1 to 9.6 cm s(-1) (1.4+/-1.4 cm s(-1)). The particulate overall dry deposition velocity agreed well with those measured previously for other pollutants using the same method. Formaldehyde concentration measured in 27 rain samples collected at the sampling site ranged between 10 and 304 microg l(-1). The annual formaldehyde wet deposition was calculated as 31.4 mg m(-2) year(-1). The annual HCHO total deposition (wet+dry) was dominated by wet deposition (83.7%). 相似文献
94.
Serhat Seker Tahir Cetin Akinci Sezai Taskin 《Electrical Engineering (Archiv fur Elektrotechnik)》2012,94(2):117-124
This study presents our findings on the ferroresonance phenomenon for the Seyitomer?CIsiklar part of the Electric Power System of 380?kV in Turkey. In this context, the power spectral density approach and Short-Time Fourier Transforms are applied to the voltage variations for phase R of the sample power network. The findings show that the ferroresonance event can be represented by the interharmonics between 50 and 250?Hz, as well as statistical properties. In addition, a histogram of the ferroresonance region shows a different characteristic from the overall data and the non-ferroresonance region. This different characteristic can be defined by an asymmetrical distribution characteristic, and its numerical measure is given by the ??Noise to Signal Ratio?? of 0.624. 相似文献
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High-fidelity computations were carried out to analyze the orbiter liquid hydrogen (LH2) feedline flowliner and the low-pressure-fuel-turbopump (LPFTP). Computations were performed on the Columbia platform which is a 10,240-processor supercluster consisting of 20 Altix nodes with 512 processors each. Various computational models were used to characterize the unsteady flow features in the turbopump, including the orbiter LPFTP inducer, the orbiter manifold and an experimental test article used to represent the manifold. Unsteady flow originating from the orbiter LPFTP inducer is one of the major contributors to the high-frequency cyclic loading that results in high cycle fatigue damage to the gimbal flowliners just upstream of the LPFTP. The flowfields for the orbiter manifold and representative test article are computed and analyzed for similarities and differences. An incompressible Navier–Stokes flow solver INS3D, based on the artificial compressibility method, was used to compute the flow of liquid hydrogen in each test article. 相似文献
98.
Combination of culture-dependent and culture-independent molecular methods for the determination of lactic microbiota in sucuk 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kesmen Z Yetiman AE Gulluce A Kacmaz N Sagdic O Cetin B Adiguzel A Sahin F Yetim H 《International journal of food microbiology》2012,153(3):428-435
In this study, the culture-dependent and culture-independent molecular methods were used for the identification of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in sucuk a Turkish fermented dry sausage. On the one hand, the PCR-DGGE method targetting the V1 and V3 regions of 16S DNA was applied to DNA that was directly extracted from sucuk samples. On the other hand, rep-PCR fingerprinting was performed for the primary differentiation and grouping of the isolates, and the results were confirmed by sequencing of the 16S rDNA and 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region. As a result of the PCR-DGGE analysis of all the samples, total 8 different lactic acid bacteria were identified, and Lactobacillus sakei, Lactobacillus curvatus and Weissella viridescens were the dominant microbiota among these bacteria. The culture-dependent approach indicated that the majority of the strains belonged to the Lactobacillus genera including Lb. sakei, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lb. curvatus, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus farciminis and Lactobacillus alimentarius. However, Leuconostoc and Weisella were also detected as minor genera. Again, Lactococcus piscium, Weissella halotolerans, Staphylococcus succinus and the comigrated Staphylococcus piscifermentans/Staphylococcus condimenti/Staphylococcus carnosus group were detected only with the culture-independent method while Lb. plantarum, Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Leuconostoc citreum were identified only by using the culture-dependent method. In the results, it was concluded that the combination of culture-dependent and culture-independent methods was necessary for reliable and detailed investigation of LAB communities in fermented food products. 相似文献
99.
In this paper, an entropy-functional-based online adaptive decision fusion (EADF) framework is developed for image analysis and computer vision applications. In this framework, it is assumed that the compound algorithm consists of several subalgorithms, each of which yields its own decision as a real number centered around zero, representing the confidence level of that particular subalgorithm. Decision values are linearly combined with weights that are updated online according to an active fusion method based on performing entropic projections onto convex sets describing subalgorithms. It is assumed that there is an oracle, who is usually a human operator, providing feedback to the decision fusion method. A video-based wildfire detection system was developed to evaluate the performance of the decision fusion algorithm. In this case, image data arrive sequentially, and the oracle is the security guard of the forest lookout tower, verifying the decision of the combined algorithm. The simulation results are presented. 相似文献
100.
Ozlem Ozturk Cetin Semanur Cebeci Avunca Arzu Cagri Mehmetoglu Oktay Yemis Mustafa Ozturk 《International Journal of Dairy Technology》2023,76(3):659-668
Suitability of acid whey (AW) as brine media in fermented and fresh-pack cornichon pickle production was investigated. Fermented and fresh-pack pickles were produced with AW and vinegar (control). Microbiological, textural, colour and sensory properties of the pickles were monitored during 12-wk storage at room temperature. Fermented and fresh-pack pickles manufactured with AW exhibited higher total solids content than the pickles manufactured with vinegar. Acid whey as pickling media increased the development of presumptive lactococci species both in fermented and in fresh-pack pickles. This study shows that AW is a suitable pickling media for fermented and fresh-pack cornichon pickle manufacture. 相似文献