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1.
Bayesian and Dempster-Shafer fusion 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The Kalman Filter is traditionally viewed as a prediction-correction filtering algorithm. In this work we show that it can
be viewed as a Bayesian fusion algorithm and derive it using Bayesian arguments. We begin with an outline of Bayes theory,
using it to discuss well-known quantities such as priors, likelihood and posteriors, and we provide the basic Bayesian fusion
equation. We derive the Kalman Filter from this equation using a novel method to evaluate the Chapman-Kolmogorov prediction
integral. We then use the theory to fuse data from multiple sensors. Vying with this approach is the Dempster-Shafer theory,
which deals with measures of “belief”, and is based on the nonclassical idea of “mass” as opposed to probability. Although
these two measures look very similar, there are some differences. We point them out through outlining the ideas of the Dempster-Shafer
theory and presenting the basic Dempster-Shafer fusion equation. Finally we compare the two methods, and discuss the relative
merits and demerits using an illustrative example. 相似文献
2.
Synthesis of palladium nanoparticles using a continuous flow polymeric micro reactor 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A continuous flow polymeric micro reactor, fabricated using a negative photo resist SU-8 on a 10 x 10 cm PEEK (polyetheretherketone) substrate by standard UV lithography, was utilized to synthesize palladium nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy, Selected Area Electron Diffraction and X-ray Diffraction. The Pd nanoparticles synthesized in the micro reactor were found to have a narrower size distribution when compared with those obtained by the conventional batch process. 相似文献
3.
Multiple melting phenomena have been studied in blends of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVF2) with low molar mass isotactic poly(ethyl methacrylate) (it-PEMA). In all blends, as well as in pure PVF2, a transition (T1) was observed prior to the main melting point (T2). T1 is probably connected with the melting of secondarily-crystallized material. In addition to this, a high temperature melting endotherm (T3) was observed, which could be ascribed completely to recrystallization of PVF2. The highest transition (T4) was caused by melting of the σ form of PVF2. From Hoffman-Weeks plots—T2 vs. crystallization temperature, Tc — it could be concluded that no thermody amic depression of the melting point of PVF2 occurred in the blends. The stabilities of PVF2 crystallites in the various blends were derived from the slopes of Hoffman-Weeks plots and were in good agreement with lamellar thicknesses found from SAXS measurements. 相似文献
4.
Jacomijn Pluimers Carolien Kroeze Evert Jan Bakker Hugo Challa Leen Hordijk 《Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems》2001,60(1-3):209-218
In this paper, present-day emissions of greenhouse gases and acidifying compounds from agriculture are analysed at the farm level. Quantitative estimates are given for these emissions from three nested systems in the Netherlands: the agricultural sector, greenhouse horticulture, and tomato cultivation under glass. Total emissions are subdivided into emissions from biogenic sources and abiogenic sources. We conclude that, although most of the emissions from the agricultural sector have biogenic sources, those from abiogenic sources should not be neglected. Abiogenic emissions are mainly from greenhouse horticulture. The cost-effectiveness of options to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions from on-farm combustion of natural gas in tomato cultivation under glass is analysed. An inventory is given of technical reduction options that are presently available in practice. Based on information about the costs and the reduction potential of each option, cost-efficiency curves are derived for both types of emissions. Relative to a situation where none of the described options were applied (early nineties), CO2 and NOx emissions from tomato cultivation can be reduced at most by about 70% and 75%, respectively, by combinations of technical options. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
5.
6.
Extraction of the license plate region is the challenging first step in the license plate recognition system. We propose a
novel feature fusion concept for plate extraction. The image-feature extraction process is modeled as a feature-detection
problem in noise. The geometric features are probabilistically modeled and detected under various detection thresholds. These
detection results are then fused within the Bayesian framework to obtain the features for further processing. Along with a
probabilistic model, a pixels voting algorithm is also tested through threshold variation. 相似文献
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9.
Kitchen Chemistry 101: Multigram Production of High Quality Biographene in a Blender with Edible Proteins 下载免费PDF全文
A high yielding aqueous phase exfoliation of graphite to high quality graphene using edible proteins and kitchen chemistry is reported here. Bovine serum albumin (BSA), β‐lactoglobulin, ovalbumin, lysozyme, and hemoglobin are used to exfoliate graphite and the exfoliation efficiency depended on the sign and magnitude of the protein charge. BSA showed maximum exfoliation rate, facilitated graphite exfoliation in water, at room temperature, by turbulence/shear force generated in a kitchen blender at exfoliation efficiencies exceeding 4 mg mL?1 h?1. Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy indicated 3–5 layer, defect‐free graphene of 0.5 μm size. Graphene dispersions loaded on a cellulose paper (650 μg cm?2) showed the film conductivity of 32 000 S m?1, which is much higher than graphene/polymer composites. Our method yielded ≈7 mg mL?1, BSA‐coated graphene with controllable surface charge, which is stable under wide ranges of pH (3.0–11) and temperature (5.0–50 °C), and in fetal bovine serum, for more than two months.These findings may lead to the large scale production of graphene for biological applications. 相似文献
10.
The creep characteristics of polycarbonate at elevated temperatures are investigated. The onset of glass transition temperature of polycarbonate is determined. An Arrhenius type relationship is used to describe the creep process and the concept of property retention index as applied to creep is discussed. An attempt is made to construct the master rupture curves for polycarbonate. The onset of glass transition temperature of polycarbonate was placed at around 110°C. It is concluded that the Arrhenius theory and the concept of property retention index are extremely useful in the construction of master rupture curves and that they require further investigation. 相似文献