Evaluation of residual stresses during brazing of Al2O3-ZrO2 to cemented tungsten carbide

In the context of the assembly of a cutting tool for wood machining, this article proposes to evaluate the residual stress in a ceramic plate (Al₂O₃-ZrO₂) induced by a brazing step with a cemented tungsten carbide (WC-Co) through a brazing filler (Ag-Cu-Ti). The residual stresses were evaluated using neutron and X-ray diffraction method. Moreover, a mathematical model was used in the case of a three layer assembly, which is based on mechanical properties such as: the thermal coefficient, the Young's modulus, the Poisson's ratio and the thickness of each layer. The observation of the chemical mapping of the brazing filler before and after the assembly, using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), showed the chemical migration of the titanium to the ceramic oxide and the tungsten carbide. It was estimated that the brazed assembly is under a flexural stress, with a maximum in a compressive stress area near the brazing joint which reaches 85.6 MPa. This stress value reaches 12% of the bending strength allowed by the ceramic (716 MPa). The discussion proposes to highlight the limits of each method. The mathematical model has however shown good accuracy to give a first estimated residual stress in the ceramic plate.     

Accessible software development: a conceptual model proposal

Universal Access in the Information Society - Equal access to all software and digital content should be a reality in the Digital Era. This argument is something defended both by existing...     

P-score: a reputation bibliographic index that complements citation counts

Scientometrics - The notions of reputation and popularity in academia are critical for taking decisions on research grants, faculty position tenure, and research excellence awards. These notions...     

A Flexible Approach for the Reinforcement of Water Networks Using Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis

Water Resources Management - This work proposes a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) as a useful tool for supporting interventions to overcome problems faced by water utilities due to...     

A Shape-Aware Retargeting Approach to Transfer Human Motion and Appearance in Monocular Videos

International Journal of Computer Vision - Transferring human motion and appearance between videos of human actors remains one of the key challenges in Computer Vision. Despite the advances from...     

Intraregional trade shares for goods-producing industries: RPC estimates using EU data

The lack of subnational trade data has dampened the development of reliable regional and multiregional models for regional policy development. So, most researchers and vendors of regional and interregional economic models continue to rely on location quotients, supply–demand pool techniques, or minor modifications of them, despite knowing that they under-estimate interregional trade. In this piece, we analyse the relative viability of estimates of intraregional trade—so called “regional purchase coefficients” (RPCs). We do so for manufacturing sectors in 28 EU countries using the World Input–Output Database. We introduce an RPC-estimating technique using a quasi-binomial regression approach for goods-producing industries; we apply standard supply/demand ratios as RPCs for service-based industries. We then apply the estimates to an aggregate EU input–output (I-O) table and measure how closely the results approximate the I-O tables (direct requirements matrices) for each of the 28 EU nations. We compare these findings to those obtained by other conventional approaches. We also evaluate their ability to replicate the country Leontief inverses and output multipliers. We find quasi-binomial regression approaches superior across the board.     

Preferential Partitioning of Rumen-Protected n-3 and n-6 Fatty Acids into Functionally Different Adipose Tissues

Lipids are stored at various sites inside the body as adipose tissue (AT). These include subcutaneous, abdominal, and intermuscular locations. The AT substantially differ in their metabolic function. It is, however, unclear whether AT have specific requirements for individual essential n-3 and n-6 fatty acids (FA). If so, control mechanisms would partition FA from the blood. To investigate the hypothesis of a selective FA incorporation, 18 beef heifers were fed diets supplemented with 60 g/kg diet with lipids from either fish oil (FO) or sunflower oil (SO). The lipids had partially been rumen-protected to ruminal biohydrogenation of n-3 and n-6 FA. The AT analyzed for n-3 and n-6 FA by gas chromatography were obtained from pericardial, longissimus thoracis (LT) intermuscular, perirenal, and subcutaneous sites. The greatest proportions of n-3 and n-6 FA were found in the pericardial AT. Despite generally low abundance, n-3 FA proportions increased with FO compared to SO supplementation in all AT, but to a different extent. No such partitioning was found for the n-6 FA when supplementing SO. Concomitantly, the n-6/n-3 FA ratio was reduced with FO in all AT, except in the pericardial AT. The latter has specific metabolic functions and thus appears to be quite resistant to diet-induced changes in FA profile in order to maintain its function. The present findings showed the special role of specific n-3 and n-6 FA in bovine AT.     

High hydrostatic pressure treatment for manufacturing of garlic powder with improved microbial safety and antioxidant activity

The traditional method of manufacturing garlic powder (GP) that includes simple grinding of air-dried garlic slices has problems of microbial safety and a pungent flavour for this product. Microbiologically safe GP with a less pungent flavour and better antioxidant activities was manufactured using high hydrostatic pressure (HHP), wet grinding and freeze-drying process. The numbers of total aerobic bacteria and yeasts and molds in untreated (without HHP) GP were 3.64 and 2.47 log CFU/g respectively. Garlic powder treated with 600 MPa HHP for 5 min exhibited a total aerobes count of 1.62 CFU/g and a yeasts and molds count of 1.43 log CFU/g. The diallyl disulfide content, which is responsible for the pungent odour of garlic, was also significantly reduced by HHP due to a decrease in the alliinase activity. Hence, a novel process using HHP can help to produce GP with improved microbial safety, flavour and nutrition.     

Cost-benefit analysis of sustainable drainage systems considering ecosystems services benefits: case study of canal do mangue watershed in Rio de Janeiro city,Brazil

Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy - The increasing demands of humankind contribute to the scarcity of natural resources and foster climate changes. For this reason, sustainable...