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141.
Review on testers for measuring flow properties of bulk solids 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
Jörg Schwedes 《Granular Matter》2003,5(1):1-43
The author was asked by the International Fine Particle Research Institue (IFPRI) to write a critical review on shear testers
for IFPRI-members. The review was delivered to IFPRI in summer 1999. Following the contract with IFPRI it was not allowed
to publish the review elsewhere for at least two years. Granular Matter invited the author to submit the review in the original
form; during the refereeing process (besides other changes) it turned out that some remarks should be added here for clarification:
- Since 1999, the author is not aware of a really new device for testing bulk solid properties, which could lead to a change
of the general comments and conclusions provided in the review.
It was argued, that the review is referring too much to the work of Jenike, while the works of Johanson and Peschl were not
adequately cited. Both are excellent engineers with a lot of experience, but their basic ideas are not available in published
form, and if, they are not set in relation to alternative approaches so that an objective comparison in detail would be a
future research issue rather than a topic in this report.
A discussion on the influence of electrostatic charges was missing. There hardly is an influence, since the particles are
in continuous contact. Only with non-conducting plastic particles electrostatic charges could cause problems. But no relevant
experiments and results are known. In closed systems, the effect of electric charges is thus mainly neglected, but it is clear
that electrostatic forces are eminent in flows with a free surface – an issue not addressed in this review.
Received: 1 November 2002 相似文献
142.
Effect of deformation route on microstructural development in aluminum processed by equal channel angular extrusion 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Pei-Ling Sun Po-We Kao Chih-Pu Chang 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2004,35(4):1359-1368
Aluminum has been deformed by equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) to obtain submicron-grained structures under different
deformation routes. The deformation routes were varied by rotating billets through 0, 90, and 180 deg between each extrusion
pass, and were designated as route A, BC, and C, respectively. Based on quantitative microstructural analysis, the effectiveness of the deformation route is shown
to depend upon the different definition used. The order of effectiveness is (a) A > BC > C for both 90 and 120 deg dies, in terms of the generation of high-angle grain boundaries (HAGBs); (b) BC > C > A for both 90 and 120 deg dies, in terms of the formation of equiaxed shape of grains; and (c) BC > A > C for 90 deg die and BC ∼ A > C for 120 die, in terms of reducing grain size. It is suggested that the generation of HAGBs can be related to the
accumulation of nonredundant strain, while the shape and orientation of grains may be linked to the shearing patterns of the
deformation route. 相似文献
143.
A fully-dense Cu-75 vol pct ZrW2O8 metal matrix composite was fabricated by hot isostatic pressing of Cu-coated ZrW2O8 particles. A small amount of the high-pressure γ-ZrW2O8 phase was created during the cooldown and depressurization following densification; near complete transformation to γ-ZrW2O8 was achieved by subsequent cold isostatic pressing. The thermal expansion behavior of the composite between 25°C and 325°C
was altered by the cold isostatic pressing treatment, and also depended on the length of time that had passed between thermal
cycles. The measured thermal expansion coefficients within specific temperature ranges varied from −6·10−6 K−1 to far above the thermal expansion coefficient of the copper matrix. The complex temperature-dependent expansion/contraction
behavior could be justified by considering the evolution of phase transformations taking place in the ZrW2O8 phase, which were observed by in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements. 相似文献
144.
This paper considers the axisymmetric steady flow driven by exact counter rotation of two co-axial disks of finite radius.
At the edges of the rotating disks one of three conditions is (typically) imposed: (i) zero velocity, corresponding to a stationary,
impermeable, cylindrical shroud (ii) zero normal velocity and zero tangential fluid traction, corresponding to a (confined)
free surface and (iii) an edge constraint that is consistent with a similarity solution of von Kármán form. The similarity
solution is valid in an infinite geometry and possesses a pitchfork bifurcation that breaks the midplane symmetry at a critical
Reynolds number. In this paper, similar bifurcations of the global (finite-domain) flow are sought and comparisons are made
between the resulting bifurcation structure and that found for the similarity solution. The aim is to assess the validity
of the nonlinear similarity solutions in finite domains and to explore the sensitivity of the solution structure to edge conditions
that are implicitly neglected when assuming a self-similar flow. It is found that, whilst the symmetric similarity solution
can be quantitatively useful for a range of boundary conditions, the bifurcated structure of the finite-domain flow is rather
different for each boundary condition and bears little resemblance to the self-similar flow. 相似文献
145.
A new technique for the preparation of CuI nanoparticles from CuSO4 and KI ethanol solutions has been developed. Preparation conditions were optimized through a series of experiments. Under
these conditions, the yield of CuI reached 95.39%. The product was characterized and the reaction kinetics was studied. The
results show that the product takes a roughly spherical shape with an average particle size of less then 50 nm. The activation
energy of the formation of CuI is found to be E
a = 0.58 × 102 kJ/mol, and the preexponential factor in the Arrhenius equation is k
0 = 7.43 × 1016 mol/(l s).
The text was submitted by the authors in English. 相似文献
146.
147.
Solidification time and heat treatment are known to have a large effect on the microstructure of cast aluminum alloys. This
study was conducted to quantify how the fatigue properties of a 319-type aluminum alloy are affected by solidification time
and heat treatment. Both porosity-containing (non-hot isostatically pressed (HIP)) and porosity-free (HIP) samples in the
T6 (“peak aged”) or T7 (“overaged”) heattreated conditions were tested. As the solidification time increased, the average
initiating pore diameter increased and stress-controlled fatigue life decreased. Heat treatment was observed to have a large
effect on fatigue properties of the HIP samples. However, in the non-HIP fatigue samples, heat treatment did not significantly
change the fatigue life or fatigue strength of the cast 319-type alloy. The absence of an influence of heat treatment on fatigue
response is attributed to the predominance of the microporosity in fatigue crack initiation in cast aluminum. 相似文献
148.
Nicolas Clauvelin Basile Audoly Sébastien Neukirch 《Scientific Modeling and Simulation》2007,14(1):95-101
The DNA molecule is modeled as an elastic rod with bending and twisting rigidities, subjected to external tension and twist applied at one end, the other end being clamped. We study the plectonemic equilibrium of such a rod, taking into account the impenetrability constraint. Numerical solutions of this boundary value problem have previously shown that purely elastic models can reproduce the supercoiling response of the DNA molecule. Using a variational approach, we derive analytical formulae for the elastic response of the filament, and extend former numerical results. 相似文献
149.
150.
Mariana Ušáková Jozef Lukáč Rastislav Dosoudil Vladimír Jančárik Anna Grusková Elemír Ušák Jozef Sláma Jan Šubrt 《Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics》2007,18(12):1183-1189
The paper is devoted to the preparation of NiZn ferrite with small substitutions of copper by means of ceramic technology.
The influence of small Cu substitution on the microstructural and magnetic properties of NiZn ferrites have been analysed
by means of various experimental methods and interpreted from the point of view of preparation technology optimisation and
possible applications of such materials. A strong correlation between the substituent content and resulting properties has
been observed, thus allowing preparation of material with the properties tailored for any particular application. 相似文献