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71.
Summary The chlorine in poly(epichlorohydrin) was found to be substituted by diethyldithiocarbamate (ETC) group by the reaction with NaETC in tetrahydrofuran at 60°C. The reaction product was analyzed by RI-UV dual-detector GPC. The composition i.e. the percentage of the chlorine replaced by the ETC group was found to be invariant with the elution count. This result might indicate the absence of polymer effect in the carbamation of poly(epichlorohydrin). 相似文献
72.
Acidophilic xylanase from Aureobasidium pullulans: efficient expression and secretion in Pichia pastoris and mutational analysis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Tanaka H Okuno T Moriyama S Muguruma M Ohta K 《Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering》2004,98(5):338-343
A yeast-like fungus Aureobasidium pullulans var. melanigenum strain ATCC 20524 produces an extracellular acidophilic endo-1,4-beta-xylanase with an optimum pH of 2.0 [Ohta et al., J. Biosci. Bioeng., 92, 262-270 (2001)]. The xynI cDNA encoding the precursor protein (XynI) was expressed in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris under the control of the alcohol oxidase I gene promoter. The 34 amino acid prepro-signal peptide of the A. pullulans XynI directed the efficient secretion of 178 mg of active xylanase per liter of the culture medium. The secretion level of the xylanase with its own signal peptide was comparable to that of the mature protein fused to the prepro leader from Saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha-mating factor and twofold higher than that of the mature protein fused to the pre-type signal peptide from P. pastoris acid phosphatase. The N-terminal amino acid sequence and the apparent M(r) of 24 kDa of the secreted recombinant protein indicated the native-like processing of the A. pullulans XynI signal sequence in P. pastoris. The three-dimensional model and mutational analysis of the xynI gene product showed that Asp-73 and Glu-157 residues located at the upper and lower edges of the active site cleft, respectively, play a significant role in its low pH optimum. 相似文献
73.
Takemitsu Kunio Tatsuya Yamazaki Eiji Ohta Makoto Sakata 《Solid-state electronics》1983,26(2):155-160
The transient capacitance technique has been used to study the chromium-related levels in the silicon band gap. Chromium was diffused at temperature of 1100 and 1150°C for 0.5 and 3 hr. Five different levels at Ec?0.11 eV, Ec?0.21 eV, Ec?0.28 eV, Ec?0.36 eV and Ec?0.45 eV were obtained from the Arrheniu plots of the electron thermal-emission rates. The number of levels in the upper half of the band gap decreased from five to two with an increase of Cr-diffusion period. Two levels were located at Ec?0.20 eV (donor) and Ec?0.43 eV (acceptor). A donor level was also observed at Ev + 0.25 eV. The donor level was not affected by the diffusion condition. The majority carrier capture cross sections of the three dominant levels have been measured by the transient capacitance technique modified by the pulse transformer. The values were σn = 4.1 × 10?15 cm2 for the upper donor at Ec?0.20 eV, σn = 2.0 × 10?16 cm2 for the acceptor at Ec ?0.43 eV and σp = 9.1 × 10?18 cm2 for the lower donor at Ev + 0.25 eV, and were independent of temperature. The three dominant levels are due to distinct chromium centers. 相似文献
74.
New Submicron (0.5-1.0 mu m diam) bubble garnets have been developed. In order to reduce saturation induction4piMs as low as possible, suitable choice of amounts of nonmagnetic ions substituting for ferric ions in both tetrahedral and octahedral sites were studied in (YSm)3 (FeAl)5 O12 , (YSmLu)3 - (FeGaSc)5 O12 , (YSmLu)3 (FeAlSc)5 O12 and (LaLuSm)3 - (FeGa)5 O12 garnet systems. For example, in (YSmLu)3 - (FeAlSc)5 O12 a film with the following properties was grown; strip widthw = 0.7mu m, film thicknessh= 0.7mu m, quality factorq=2.8 , Curie temperatureTc= 140deg C and4piMs=770 G. The temperature properties of those films could be improved drastically by doping with a small amount of Gd ion. Wall mobilities μw of those films are in the region from 200 to 500cm/s/Oe. Preceding these material studies, several film characterization methods have been investigated. Film thickness was measured by Fluorescent X-ray method, strip width by using a highly sensitivity TV camera, and bubble collapse field by FMR resonance technique respectively. 相似文献
75.
Two simple chromenes with anti-JH activity have been isolated and identified from the bedding plant Ageratum houstoianum. By contact and fumigation these compounds induce precocious metamorphosis and sterilization in several hemipteran species of insects. Certain holometabolous species are sterilized, forced into diapause, or both. Each of these biological actions is equivalent to removal of the corpora allata, which produce the JH's, and is reversible by treatment with exogenous JH. Thus, the action of these compounds is to stop the production or depress the titer of the JH's. To our knowledge, this is the first discovery of anti-JH, and we hope it will guide the way to the emergence of a fourth generation of safe and insect-specific pesticides. 相似文献
76.
The expressions for Walsh functions in terms of shifted Rademacher functions are applicable to the design of a directive and selective array antenna for Walsh waves which is capable of eliminating the interference caused by impulsive noises. They also are applicable to voice processing because of their shift-invariant property. The shifted Rademacher functions were previously introduced by shiftiAg horizontally the periodic Rademacher functions. It was shown that the Walsh functions could be expressed as a linear combination of a finite number of the shifted Rademacher functions. This paper develops the actual expansions of the Walsh functions in terms of the shifted Rademacher functions. The coefficients in this series take only the values of either + 1 or -1. The shifted Rademacher coefficients appearing in the expansion of a given function in tenns of shifted Rademacher functions have the advantage that the coefficients of a shifted function are available by shifting cyclically the original coefficients. 相似文献
77.
78.
Mahmoud Youssef Russell Feder Paola Batistoni Ulrich Fischer Shrichand Jakhar Chikara Konno Michael Loughlin Rosaria Villari Yican Wu 《Fusion Engineering and Design》2013,88(11):3033-3040
Shutdown dose rate (SDDR) inside and around the diagnostics ports of ITER is performed at PPPL/UCLA using the 3-D, FEM, Discrete Ordinates code, ATTILA, along with its updated FORNAX transmutation/decay gamma library. Other ITER partners assess SDDR using codes based on the Monte Carlo (MC) approach (e.g. MCNP code) for transport calculation and the radioactivity inventory code FISPACT or other equivalent decay data libraries for dose rate assessment. To reveal the range of discrepancies in the results obtained by various analysts, an extensive experimental and calculation benchmarking effort has been undertaken to validate the capability of ATTILA for dose rate assessment. On the experimental validation front, the comparison was performed using the measured data from two SDDR experiments performed at the FNG facility, Italy. Comparison was made to the experimental data and to MC results obtained by other analysts. On the calculation validation front, the ATTILA's predictions were compared to other results at key locations inside a calculation benchmark whose configuration duplicates an upper diagnostics port plug (UPP) in ITER. Both serial and parallel version of ATTILA-7.1.0 are used in the PPPL/UCLA analysis performed with FENDL-2.1/FORNAX databases. In the FNG 1st experimental, it was shown that ATTILA's dose rates are largely over estimated (by ~30–60%) with the ANSI/ANS-6.1.1 flux-to-dose factors whereas the ICRP-74 factors give better agreement (10–20%) with the experimental data and with the MC results at all cooling times. In the 2nd experiment, there is an under estimation in SDDR calculated by both MCNP and ATTILA based on ANSI/ANS-6.1.1 for cooling times up to ~4 days after irradiation. Thereafter, an over estimation is observed (~5–10% with MCNP and ~10–15% with ATTILA). As for the calculation benchmark, the agreement is much better based on ICRP-74 1996 data. The divergence among all dose rate results at ~11 days cooling time is no more than 15% among all participants. 相似文献
79.
Sugino A Miyazaki T Kawachi G Kikuta K Ohtsuki C 《Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine》2008,19(3):1399-1405
Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)-based bone cement is used for the fixation of artificial joints in orthopaedics. However, the
fixation is liable to loosen in the body, because the cement does not bond to living bone. So-called bioactive ceramics bond
directly to living bone through the apatite layer formed on their surfaces in the body. We previously revealed that modification
using γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS) and water-soluble calcium salts such as calcium acetate and calcium hydroxide
was effective for providing the PMMA-based bone cement with apatite-forming ability in a simulated body fluid (SBF, Kokubo
solution) that closely reproduces the body environment. However, the effect of the chemical reaction forming the apatite on
the mechanical properties of the cements has not been clarified. The present work aimed to investigate this issue from the
viewpoint of the interface structure between the apatite and the cement. The surface of the cement modified with calcium acetate
and MPS was fully covered with newly formed apatite after soaking in Kokubo solution within 7 days, while half of the surface
area of the cement modified with calcium hydroxide and MPS was covered with the apatite. The bending strength of the modified
cements decreased after soaking in Kokubo solution. Porous structure was observed in the region about 50–100 μm in depth from
the top surface because of release of the Ca2+ ions by both modified cements after soaking in Kokubo solution. The decrease in bending strength of the modified cements could
be attributed to the formation of the pores. In addition, the pores on the top surfaces of the cements were filled with the
newly formed apatite. The apatite formation would be effective not only for bioactivity but also for decreasing the reduction
of mechanical strength. 相似文献
80.
Mikio Enoeda Hisashi Tanigawa Takanori Hirose Satoshi Suzuki Kentaro Ochiai Chikara Konno Yoshinori Kawamura Toshihiko Yamanishi Tsuyoshi Hoshino Masaru Nakamichi Hiroyasu Tanigawa Koichiro Ezato Yohji Seki Akira Yoshikawa Daigo Tsuru Masato Akiba 《Fusion Engineering and Design》2012,87(7-8):1363-1369
The development of a Water Cooled Ceramic Breeder (WCCB) Test Blanket Module (TBM) is being performed as one of the most important steps toward DEMO blanket in Japan. For the TBM testing and evaluation toward DEMO blanket, the module fabrication technology development by a candidate structural material, reduced activation martensitic/ferritic steel, F82H, is one of the most critical items from the viewpoint of realization of TBM testing in ITER. In Japan, fabrication of a real scale first wall, side walls, a breeder pebble bed box and assembling of the first wall and side walls have succeeded. Recently, the real scale partial mockup of the back wall was fabricated. The fabrication procedure of the back wall, whose thickness is up to 90 mm, was confirmed toward the fabrication of the real scale back wall by F82H. Important key technologies are almost clarified for the fabrication of the real scale TBM module mockup. From the view point of testing and evaluation, development of the technology of the blanket tritium recovery, development of advanced breeder and multiplier pebbles and the development of the blanket neutronics measurement technology are also performed. Also, tritium production and recovery test using D-T neutron in the Fusion Neutronics Source (FNS) facility has been started as the verification test of tritium production performance. This paper overviews the recent achievements of the development of the WCCB TBM in Japan. 相似文献