Residential Mobility,Locational Disadvantage And Spatial Inequality In Australian Cities

The purpose of this presentation is to contribute to the debate around the nature of spatial inequality in Australian cities. It takes issue with the view that the extensive spatial form of Australian cities is a major element in the transmission of social disadvantage – a view which has gained currency in recent urban policy debates about “sprawl” vs consolidation. The assumption (in some quarters) that households located at, or moving to, the newly developing urban periphery, have been forced there through housing market processes in which they have had little choice; and further, that once there the lack of proximate resources, particularly in social infrastructure, reinforce the already disadvantaged social and economic circumstances of these households does not stand scrutiny. The coincidence of locational disadvantage and social disadvantage has been assumed rather than demonstrated, seemingly in an attempt to bolster arguments about the need to alter the predominant form of urban growth – outward extension of low density suburbia.     

Collective Intelligence in Design

In their introduction to this issue, Christopher Hight and Chris Perry define the idea of collective intelligence in its relationship to design practice and to broader technological and social formations. First they suggest a reformulation of practices around networked communication infrastructures as conduits for the new orchestrations of power that Antonio Negri and Michael Hardt detailed in their books Empire and Multitude. They then describe how such practices are often involved in the development of responsive sensing environments as new sites for manifesting the social organisations and communities made possible via telecommunications and the Internet. Lastly, they address how traditional boundaries of design disciplines and knowledge, from architecture to programming, are opening into complex co-minglings of their respective isolated ‘intelligences’ into collectives capable of engaging these new sites, new briefs and new sorts of projects. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

蓝青蛙酒廊与录音棚

Serie建筑师事务所是一个国际化事务所,涉及的领域包括建筑、城市的设计。事务所关注于当代城市中建筑类型的进化和变异以及这些智慧形式在空间解决方案上的应用。类型学式的研究,或者用他们的名词,“连续”（SERIES）的思考和探索（利用建筑类型的累积智慧）是Serie作品的关键。     

Mechanical Seal Failure Analysis

This article presents a study on failure analysis of mechanical face seals using reliability tools such as the Weibull and WeiBayes techniques. The Weibull tool is used when a reasonable number of failure data are available, whereas the WeiBayes approach is employed when the failure data are scarce or nonexistent. Results from this study have been used in determining the characteristic life and slope used in assessing warranty cost as well as for selecting the best design from a pool of different designs. Weibull and WeiBayes techniques have been applied to analyzing failures of a wide variety of machines and machines components. This study is an example of the application of the techniques to failure analysis of mechanical face seals.     

基于蒙特卡罗方法的信息量计算方法研究

公理设计理论自提出以后便得到迅猛发展,它不仅有一套系统的指导设计的理论,并且可以评估设计的优劣。信息公理中的信息量是衡量设计优劣的标准,信息量计算方法的准确性和操作性成为制约信息公理应间用的关键因素。当前信息量的计算多是基于设计参数为均匀分布的假设,但是这种假设并不符合生产实际。文章利用蒙特卡罗模拟的方法,解决了耦合设计和解耦合设计的信息量计算问题,对于冗余设计,本方法依然适用。     

INTEGRATING ALBEMARLE RESOLVE DESULFURIZATION TECHNOLOGY WITH NOVEL PETRO-CANADA PROCESS CONCEPTS IN COMMERCIAL FCCU OPERATIONS

The gasoline and distillate sulfur regulations promulgated throughout the world to reduce tail-pipe emissions are now strongly impacting refinery operations and investments. FCC gasoline is recognized as the principal contributor of sulfur to the gasoline pool and has become the focus for meeting the new specifications. The difficulty in removing sterically hindered sulfur species in the fluid catalytic cracking unit (FCCU) cycle oil drives up the hydrogen and investment costs for treating the distillates. Although installation of pre- and post-treatment facilities is planned by many refiners, other non-capital approaches such as undercutting are being evaluated to meet interim and future sulfur levels. Even when expensive treatment facilities are installed, operating costs can be lowered and the flexibility of the facility increased with improvements in the ability to remove sulfur in the FCCU. In this article, we detail Petro-Canada's experience in integrating Albemarle's RESOLVE sulfur reduction technology with a combination of innovative process ideas. These concepts include heavy naphtha recycle, coprocessing of hydrogen donor feeds, and recycle of light cycle oil (LCO) to a specially designed stripper reactor. Special attention is paid to the interaction of deep FCC feed hydrodesulfurization with the FCC performance. The results demonstrate that very low FCC gasoline sulfur levels can be achieved without significant capital investment through novel approaches to recycle, creative integration of cat feed hydrotreating unit (CFHTU)-FCCU designs and operations, and application of state-of-the-art sulfur reduction additive technology. An added benefit of the RESOLVE 950 sulfur reduction technology is the substantial elimination of sulfur oxides in the FCC flue gas. This has been observed in Petro-Canada operations and numerous other RESOLVE 950 applications around the world.     

Structural Features of C–S–H(I) and Its Carbonation in Air—A Raman Spectroscopic Study. Part II: Carbonated Phases

The effects of carbonation of mechanochemically prepared C–S–H samples under ambient conditions for upto 6 months have been investigated by Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The type and extent of carbonation are strongly dependent on the initial CaO/SiO₂ (C/S) ratio of the samples. Amorphous calcium carbonate hydrate is formed within minutes upon exposure to air. It crystallizes, over time, to give primarily vaterite at C/S≥0.67 and aragonite at C/S≤0.50. Calcite was not observed as a primary carbonation product within the time frame investigated. Decalcification upon storage also initiates silicate polymerization. The dimeric silicate units seen in the calcium-rich phases polymerize rapidly to yield Q² silicate moieties. After 6 months, broad bands are seen in most spectra, ascribed to poorly ordered silica. C–S–H phases with C/S ratios of 0.75 and 0.67 are the most resistant to carbonation, and even after 6 months of storage, Q² silicate units still dominate their structures. The ability of Raman spectroscopy to probe the short-range order of poorly crystalline materials is ideal for investigations of C–S–H structure. Additionally, the technique's sensitivity toward the various calcium carbonate polymorphs illuminates the sequence of carbonation and decalcification processes during aging of C–S–H. Of particular importance is the identification of amorphous calcium carbonate as the first carbonation product. Additionally, the formation of aragonite as a carbonation product is related to the presence of SiO₂ gel in the aged samples.     

Evaluation of the corrosion resistance of anodized aluminum 6061 using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)

The corrosion resistance of anodized Al 6061 produced by two different anodizing and sealing processes was evaluated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The scanning electron microscope (SEM) was employed to determine the surface structure and the thickness of the anodized layers. The EIS data revealed that there was very little change of the properties of the anodized layers for samples that were hard anodized in a mixed acid solution and sealed in hot water over a 365 day exposure period in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. The specific admittance A_s and the breakpoint frequency f_b remained constant with exposure time confirming that the hard anodizing process used in this study was very effective in providing excellent corrosion resistance of anodized Al 6061 over extended exposure periods. Some minor degradation of the protective properties of the anodized layers was observed for samples that were hard anodized in H₂SO₄ and exposed to the NaCl solution for 14 days.     

Fatty acid composition of muscle fat and enzymes of storage lipid synthesis in whole muscle from beef cattle

Enhanced intramuscular fat content (i.e., marbling) in beef is a desirable trait, which can result in increased product value. This study was undertaken with the aim of revealing biochemical factors associated with the marbling trait in beef cattle. Samples of longissimus lumborum (LL) and pars costalis diaphragmatis (PCD) were taken from a group of intact crossbred males and females at slaughter, lipids extracted, and the resulting FAME examined for relationships with marbling fat deposition. For LL, significant associations were found between degree of marbling and myristic (14∶0, r=0.55, P<0.01), palmitic (16∶0, r=0.80 P<0.001), stearic (18∶0, r=−0.58, P<0.01), and oleic (18∶1c-9, r=0.79, P<0.001) acids. For PCD, significant relationships were found between marbling and palmitic (r=0.71, P<0.001) and oleic (r=0.74, P<0.001) acids. Microsomal fractions prepared from PCD muscle were assayed for diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT), lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase (LPAAT), and phosphatidic acid phosphatase-1 (PAP-1) activity, and the results examined for relationships with degree of intramuscular fat deposition. None of the enzyme activities from PCD displayed an association with marbling fat content, but DGAT specific activity showed significant positive associations with LPAAT (r=0.54, P<0.01), total PAP (r=0.66, P<0.001), and PAP-1 (r=0.63, P<0.01) specific activities. The results on FA compositions of whole muscle tissues provide insight into possible enzyme action associated with the production of specific FA. The increased proportion of oleic acid associated with enhanced lipid content of whole muscle is noteworthy given the known health benefits of this FA.