Effects of enzymes and gamma irradiation on the tensile strength and morphology of poly(p-dioxanone) fibers

The objective of this study was to examine how and to what extent a new degradable polymeric fiber, poly(p-dioxanone), used as a surgical suture material, degrades in the presence of enzymes and after γ-irradiation. The degradation of the fiber was studied mechanically using an Instron and morphologically by SEM. Both esterase and trypsin enzymes and their corresponding buffer controls were used. The fibers were γ-irradiated at the dosages ranging from 0 to 20 Mrad, immersed in the solution for up to 70 days, and then removed for tensile strength and morphological examinations. It was found that γ-irradiation alone lowered the tensile strength of PDS fibers and made them more susceptible to hydrolysis. Esterase and trypsin did not accelerate the hydrolytic degradtion of this fiber to any significant level. Both γ-irradiation and enzymes influenced the gross morphological characteristic of PDS fibers when they were subjected to hydrolysis. The most important morphological observations were the formation of surface cracks and chips on the fibers and the subsequent peeling of the chips. Enzyme-treated PDS fibers exhibited similar morphological findings but the size of the chips was smaller. The morphological observations of PDS fibers were consistent with the tensile strength data.     

Multi-dimensional transient mathematical simulator of blast furnace process based on multi-fluid and kinetic theories

The ironmaking blast furnace is regarded as one of the biggest and most complex industrial reactors, because it includes various materials like gas, lump granular materials, liquids and powders and more than 30 major reactions and phase changes in a single reaction vessel. The mathematical simulator of this process developed in this study used the multi-fluid treatment as its framework, since the motions of these materials were governed by different flow mechanisms. The rates of the interactions among the phases and the chemical reactions were evaluated based on kinetic theories. The model successfully reproduced the fields of velocity, temperature and reaction in the furnace and its validity was confirmed. The simulator was also applied to a novel operation, namely the top gas recycling combined with the carbon-composite iron-ore charging and the waste plastics injection, and the advantages in furnace efficiency and environmental load were quantitatively indicated.     

电化学溶解镁阳极制备纳米MgO粉体

该文以"牺牲"阳极溶解法在0.04mol／L(Bu4N)Br的乙醇和乙酰丙酮混合溶液中,电流强度控制在0.2A,电解镁片6h,制得纳米氧化物粉体MgO的前驱体Mg(OEt)2-x(acac)xo控制pH=8.0左右,将含有前驱体的电解液直接水解。水解产物经洗涤、干燥后于500℃煅烧2h,制得纳米MgOg粉体。采用红外(IR)、差热-热重分析(TG-DTA)、X-射线衍射(XRD)、电子透射技术(TEM)等手段对前驱体和纳米MgO进行了表征。结果表明:制备得到的纳米粉体呈单分散结构,平均粒径在12nm左右。用此种方法比较容易制得所需产物,是一种合成纳米氧化物的很有前途的方法。     

The mechanism of color reversion in soybean salad oil

An enzymatic reaction might be the major cause of color reversion in soybean oil. During the soybean flaking process, enzymatic reactions take place to convertγ-tocopherol to 5-(tocopheryloxy)-γ-tocopherol (γ-TED), and then further convertγ-TED to the precursors which are the cause of color reversion. The variations ofγ-tocopherol andγ-TED contents in soybean oil are accompanied by an inverse change in the precursors’ concentration. Therefore, the contents ofγ-tocopherol orγ-TED in crude soybean oil could be used as an index for predicting the color quality (color reversion) of soybean salad oil. Almost all the precursors (such as tocored) were converted to color-reverted substances under catalysis after bleaching treatment, and they were converted back to the precursors during deodorization. Those precursors might be gradually reconverted into the color reverted substances during storage to cause the color reversion in soybean salad oil.     

Hydrolytic degradation of polyglycolic acid: Tensile strength and crystallinity study

The hydrolytic degradation of polyglycolic acid (PGA) was studied by examining the changes of tensile strength and the level of crystallinity of the suture material. It was found that the breaking stress decreased from 6.369 × 10^?1 at 0 day to 3.97 × 10^?3 Newton/Tex at 49 days. The sigmodial shape of the stress–strain curves gradually disappeared with increase in the duration of in vitra degradation. The endpoint titration method used to assess the degree of degradation beyond the period of measurable tensile strength showed that the percent of PGA degraded were 42, 56, and 70% at 49, 60, and 90 days, respectively. The level of crystallinity of PGA at various durations of degradation exhibited an initial increase in the degree of crystallinity from 40% at 0 day to an upper limit of 52% at 21 days, then gradual decrease to 23% at 90 days. This observation is essentially parallel to hydrolysis of cellulose and polyethylene terephthalate. The concept of microfibrillar structure of fibers provides the basis for the proposed degradation mechanism of PGA in vitro. It is believed that degradation proceeds through two main stages which are different in rate of degradation.     

A rheological model for iron oxide suspensions

We have examined the rheological properties of a Co-adsorbed γ-Fe₂O₃ magnetic suspension with polyurethane (PU) as a binder and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) or cyclohexanone (CH) as a solvent. A Haake RV20 viscometer was used to measure the suspension viscosity and the vane method was adopted to determine the fluid yield stress. A rheological model which can be viewed as a combination of the Casson model and the Bingham model is proposed to describe the suspension viscosity. The effects of temperature, particle content, and binder concentration are included in the model.     

甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯的合成

在季铵盐催化作用下 ,甲基丙烯酸与环氧氯丙烷反应生成甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯。实验结果表明 ,二步法可获得较高的产率     

AA/AAm改性的PVF高速粘贴标签胶粘剂的研制

采用AA/AAm改性PVF的方法制备高速粘贴标签胶粘剂。对PVA用量、聚合反应温度、引发剂、pH值、AA/AAm等对胶粘剂性能的影响进行了研究。结果表明 ,这些因素对胶粘剂的粘度、稳定性、干燥速度和粘贴强度有很大的影响。该胶粘剂有较好的粘贴性能 ,适用于 14 0 0 0 -2 80 0 0支 /小时高速啤酒生产线粘贴标签     

Packed bed electrodes. I. The electrochemical extraction of copper ions from dilute aqueous solutions

A study has been made of the cathodic deposition of copper ions from flowing dilute aqueous solutions onto a packed bed of graphite. The electrodeposition reaction is mass transfer controlled and expressions are presented for the cathodic current as a function of time, solution flow rate and bed characteristics. These have been verified from potentiostatic experiments. The cathode current efficiency is shown to approach 100% and packed bed electrodes are shown to be an effective means of extracting or removing metal ions from dilute solutions.     

An evaluation of commercial nickel catalysts during hydrogenation of soybean oil

The activities of several commercial nickel catalysts were determined by measuring their activation energies. Among these catalysts, G95E, Resan 22, Nysosel 222 and 325, all with low activation energy, were more active than DM3 and G95H, which had higher activation energy. However, the less active catalysts increased the linoleate selectivity of soybean oil during hydrogenation. The yields of bothtrans isomers and winterized oil were higher for the more selectively hydrogenated oil catalyzed by the less active catalysts. In the sensory evaluation, the fractionated solid fat that contained moretrans isomers was lower in flavor scores than the fractionated liquid oil after hydrogenation and winterization of soybean oil.