High efficiency, solution-processed, red phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes from a polymer doped with iridium complexes

High efficiency, solution-processed, red emissive phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PhOLEDs) have been developed. The PhOLEDs utilize bis[9-ethyl-3-(4-phenylquinolin-2-yl)-9H-carbazolato-N,C²′]iridium picolinate (Et-Cvz-PhQ)₂Ir(pic) and bis[9-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl)-3-(4-phenylquinolin-2-yl)-9H-carbazolato-N,C²′]iridium picolinate (EO-Cvz-PhQ)₂Ir(pic) in a nonconjugated polymer host of PVK that contains the electron transport material of OXD-7 and the hole transport material TPD. The electroluminescence (EL) spectra of the PhOLEDs parallel those of (Et-Cvz-PhQ)₂Ir(pic) and (EO-Cvz-PhQ)₂Ir(pic) with maxima at 608 nm and a CIE (Commission International de l’Eclairage) coordinate of (0.62, 0.38). The red emitting PhOLEDs, based on ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PVK:OXD-7:TPD:Ir complex/cathode configuration, have a maximum external quantum efficiency of 10.6% and a luminance efficiency of 17.5 cd/A. The efficiency is significantly higher than those obtained using common solution-processed red emissive PhOLEDs.     

Electrochemical behaviour and antioxidant capacity of anthocyanins from Chilean red wine,grape and raspberry

The anthocyanin fractions were extracted from Cabernet Sauvignon red wine, skins of Vitis vinifera grapes and raspberry fruits (Rubus idaeus). In red wine extract, 16 anthocyanins were identified, malvidin-3-O-glucoside being the main anthocyanin, which comprised 53.6% of the total anthocyanin in grape extract. Raspberry extract contained mainly delphinidin-3-O-glucoside and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside. The antioxidant capacity of the extracts was assayed by electrochemical methods. Best resolution of the oxidation peaks for the extracts and diluted wine was obtained by pulse differential voltammetry. The wine diluted 20× presented values of P1 (443 mV) and P2 (676 mV) similar to those corresponding to wine extract, and to the anthocyanin malvidin-3-O-glucoside. The antioxidant capacity of anthocyanins in extracts of wine, grape skin and raspberry fruit was also determined by the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) method.     

A modular algorithm-theoretic framework for the fair and efficient collaborative prefetching of continuous media

Bursty continuous media streams with periodic playout deadlines (e.g., VBR-encoded video) are expected to account for a large portion of the traffic in the future Internet. By prefetching parts of ongoing streams into client buffers these bursty streams can be more efficiently accommodated in packet-switched networks. In this paper we develop a modular algorithm-theoretic framework for the fair and efficient transmission of continuous media over a bottleneck link. We divide the problem into the two subproblems of (i) assuring fairness, and (ii) efficiently utilizing the available link capacity. We develop and analyze algorithm modules for these two subproblems. Specifically, we devise a bin packing algorithm for subproblem (i), and a "layered prefetching" algorithm for subproblem (ii). Our simulation results indicate that the combination of these two algorithm modules compares favorably with existing monolithic solutions. This demonstrates the competitiveness of the decoupled modular algorithm framework, which provides a foundation for the development of refined algorithms for fair and efficient prefetching.     

An application of cathodoluminescence to optimize the shallow trench isolation process

Cathodoluminescence (CL) spectroscopy was applied to optimize the shallow trench isolation (STI) process. The analysis of dislocations with CL spectroscopy could be performed during STI process steps. Then, the result of CL analysis was associated with the failure of a junction leakage current. Moreover, the analysis contributed to identifying the failure, including the root cause. As the result of CL analysis, nitride film thickness used as a mask layer of patterning was controlled at 190 nm or less. The dislocation analysis with CL spectroscopy can reduce the cycle time from 50 to 5 days.     

Ethical practices reported by play therapists: An outcome study.

Examined the responses of 240 members (aged 27–77 yrs) of the Association of Play Therapy to a questionnaire identifying ethical practices in play therapy treatment. The following areas were explored: nature of treatment, confidentiality, informed consent, treatment adequacy, referral, and training. Results indicate most play therapists are consistent in both their ethical beliefs and reported therapy practices. Noted areas of concern are who the actual client is and what topics should be addressed during treatment (i.e., discussion of fees, theoretical orientation, goals for treatment, confidentiality, and a child's need for treatment). Results and implications for the Association of Play Therapy Practice Guidelines are discussed. The ethical guidelines questionnaire to individual play therapy with children is appended. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Inhibition of melanogenesis and melanin transportation by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Gynostemma pentaphyllum</Emphasis>

The extract of Gynostemma pentaphyllum was tested to control the melanogenesis in B16 melanoma. Cytotoxic effect by the extract was observed when the dose concentration was higher than 2 mg/L. Most of the inhibitory effect was obtained by the reduced accumulation of extra-cellular melanin. When the extract was dosed as 2 mg/L, the extra-cellular melanin produced was only 24% of the control. Proteome analysis with 2-D PAGE showed that various proteins involved in melanogenesis were down-regulated by Gynostemma pentaphyllum. In addition to other proteins related to the intra-cellular melanogenesis, Rab-27b and Rab-38 could explain the remarkable decrease in extra-cellular melanin accumulation by reduced melanin transfer to keratinocyte.     

下视成像制导系统目标识别技术研究

针对下视成像导引头的成像特点．提出了基于仿射几何不变量的目标识别策略。针对基于仿射矩不变量的目标识别算法存在的计算速度慢．易受噪声影响的缺陷．给出了一种基于平稳小波仿射不变量目标识别算法。取得了更好的识别效果。     

Effect of substituting cerium-rich mischmetal with lanthanum on high temperature properties of die-cast Mg–Zn–Al–Ca–RE alloys

Mg–Zn–Al–Ca–RE alloys have been found to be promising materials for substituting aluminum alloys used for automatic transmission case applications in the automobile industry. Particularly, Mg–0.5%Zn–6%Al–1%Ca–3%RE (ZAXE05613) alloy exhibits comparable creep resistance as ADC12 die-casting aluminum alloy that is currently used for automatic transmission case applications. Changing the rare earth (RE) content of the alloy from mischmetal to lanthanum gives a further improvement in the creep properties of the alloy. Lanthanum addition results in the crystallization of a large amount of acicular Al₁₁RE₃ (Al₁₁La₃) compound along the grain boundaries as well as across the grain boundaries and this effectively controls grain boundary sliding and dislocation motion in the vicinity of the grain boundaries. As a result, die-cast ZAXLa05613 alloy exhibits a higher creep resistance than that of ZAXE05613 alloy.     

An efficient cell count method using a lattice molded on indents of a culture dish

Cell count is an important task for obtaining biological and medical information. In this paper, a novel cell count method is presented for improving the efficiency of the procedure as well as reducing microbial contamination compared to the conventional cell count method using a hemocytometer. The proposed method involves a lattice array consisting of a 50 μm × 50 μm square with lines of 2-μm width and 1.4-μm depth on a surface indented from a culture dish bottom. This configuration enables observation of cells at the same focus as the lattice. Therefore, an instant cell count during incubation is possible without the tedious, error-prone preparation steps such as harvesting and loading required in conventional methods. In addition, cells can be preserved with minimal contact with the external environment. These advantages become magnified with a periodic long-term cell count. A polystyrene culture dish, 35 mm in diameter, was fabricated by injection molding using a nickel mold, wherein indents of 3 mm × 3 mm in area and 1 mm in height were electroplated based on microfabrication technology. For easy separation from the nickel mold, the four sides of the indents in the mold are inclined at 54.74° via anisotropic silicon etching. The usefulness of the suggested method was verified using adhering HeLa (cervical carcinoma cell) cells and floating Jurkat cells. Both were placed in culture dishes and cultivated for 3 days in a carbon dioxide incubator (5% CO₂, 95% air) at 37 °C, and then successfully observed through the divided lattice using an inverted microscope. The dish was also assessed with a hemocytometer by counting HEK 293T (human embryonic kidney) cells and yeast cells.     

利用冲击回波法检测混凝土结构缺陷的试验研究

通过采用冲击回波法对设置有不同内部缺陷的混凝土试件进行试验研究,获得该方法检测混凝土内部缺陷的识别方法和缺陷范围测定方法。研究结果表明:采用冲击回波法测试混凝土内部缺陷时,横向尺寸与缺陷深度比值小于1∶4的缺陷及缺陷横向尺寸小于50mm,且与埋深比值大于1∶1时,缺陷不易被识别。探头移动过程中观察主频峰值的变化可以有效测定缺陷范围,但是缺陷深度的确定与实际试验条件有较大关系。