ANALYSIS OF HOP EXTRACTS BY SIMPLIFIED COUNTER-CURRENT DISTRIBUTION METHODS

Simplified counter-current distribution procedures are described which allow correct analysis of the α acids and iso α acids content of hop extracts.     

Impact of Annual Average Daily Traffic on Highway Runoff Pollutant Concentrations

The objective of this study was to evaluate correlations between annual average daily traffic (AADT) and storm water runoff pollutant concentrations generated from California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) highway sites. Analyses of data collected from the Caltrans four-year (1997–2001) highway runoff characterization program revealed that, in general, pollutant concentrations from urban highways were higher than those found from nonurban highways. For a limited number of pollutants, however, the concentrations from nonurban highways were found to be higher than the concentrations from urban highways. No direct linear correlation was found between highway runoff pollutant event mean concentrations and AADT. However, through multiple regression analyses, it was shown that AADT has an influence on most highway runoff constituent concentrations, in conjunction with factors associated with watershed characteristics and pollutant build-up and wash off. The other noticeable factors shown to influence the accumulation of pollutants on highways were antecedent dry period, drainage area, maximum rain intensity, and land use.     

A comparative study of the robustness of two pose estimation techniques

The paper presents an analysis of the stability of pose estimation. Stability is defined as sensitivity of the pose parameters towards noise in image features used for estimating pose. The specific emphasis of the analysis is on determining {how the stability varies with viewpoint} relative to an object and to understand the relationships between object geometry, viewpoint, and pose stability. Two pose estimation techniques are investigated. One uses a numerical scheme for finding pose parameters; the other is based on closed form solutions. Both are “pose from trihedral vertices” techniques, which provide the rotation part of object pose based on orientations of three edge segments. The analysis is based on generalized sensitivity analysis propagating the uncertainty in edge segment orientations to the resulting effect on the pose parameters. It is shown that there is a precomputable, generic relationship between viewpoint and pose stability, and that there is a drastic difference in stability over the range of viewpoints. This viewpoint variation is shared by the two investigated techniques. Additionally, the paper offers an explicit way to determine the most robust viewpoints directly for any given vertex model. Experiments on real images show that the results of the work can be used to compute the variance in pose parameters for any given pose. For the predicted {instable} viewpoints the variance in pose parameters is on the order of 20 (degrees squared), whereas the variance for robust viewpoints is on the order of 0.05 (degrees squared), i.e., two orders of magnitude difference.     

A section is born: Studies in Automated Reasoning

A section is born: Studies in Automated Reasoning     

Inhibition of pink color development in cooked, uncured ground turkey through the binding of non-pink generating ligands to muscle pigments

The pink color defect in cooked, uncured turkey is a sporadic problem that can result in economic loss and consumer dissatisfaction. Fourteen ligands were tested in ground turkey samples for their ability to reduce pink color development in control samples and in the presence of 150 ppm sodium nitrite or 1.0% nicotinamide (pink color producing agents). The 14 ligands evaluated were: 3-amino pyridine (AP), 4-benzoylpyridine (BP), diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DA), ethylenedinitrilo-tetraacetic acid disodium salt (EA), 2,3 dihydroxybenzoic acid (DB), 3-ethyl pyridine (EP), trans 1,2-diaminocyclohexane-N,N,N',N' tetraacetic acid monohydrate (HA), calcium reduced nonfat dried milk (NM), 2,3 phthalic acid (PA), 3-picoline (PC), pyrrole (PY), pyridazine (PZ), pyridinedicarboxcylic acid (YA), and pyrazinedicarboxcylic acid (ZA). All ligands were incorporated into ground turkey at 0.20 mg/g (meat weight basis) except for NM (30 mg/g). Color was evaluated using a reflectance spectrophotometer to measure pigment changes (nicotinamide hemochrome, nitrosohemochrome) and with a chroma meter to determine CIE L* a* b* values. Reduction in pink color development was apparent with the addition of the ligand alone and in the presence of sodium nitrite and especially nicotinamide. The four most effective ligands tested were DA, EA, HA, and NM. In general, pink color reduction was highest in the ligand only and the ligand plus nicotinamide samples as was observed by CIE a* and nicotinamide hemochrome value reductions.     

Wissenstransfer und Gremienarbeit

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Zwei eigenartige Ersatzmittel

Ohne ZusammenfassungMitteilung aus dem Staatlichen Chemischen Untersuchungsamt für die Auslandsfleischbeschau in Cleve (Vorsteher: Dr. M. Fritzsche).     

Dynamic Viscosity Modeling of Methane n-Decane and Methane Toluene Mixtures : Comparative Study of Some Representative Models

Viscosity measurements of well-defined mixtures are useful in order to evaluate existing viscosity models. Recently, an extensive experimental study of the viscosity at pressures up to 140 MPa has been carried out for the binary systems methane + n-decane and methane + toluene, between 293.15 and 373.15 K and for several methane compositions. Although very far from real petroleum fluids, these mixtures are interesting in order to study the potential of extending various models to the simulation of complex fluids with asymmetrical components (light/heavy hydrocarbon). These data (575 data points) have been discussed in the framework of recent representative models (hard sphere scheme, friction theory, and free volume model) and with mixing laws and two empirical models (particularly the LBC model which is commonly used in petroleum engineering, and the self-referencing model). This comparative study shows that the average absolute deviation of the models is between 3.8 and 49.8%, and the maximum deviation is between 11.6 and 78.4%, depending on the considered model.