Electroplating of nickel-cadmium alloys from alkaline solutions

The electroplating of Ni-Cd alloy coatings was carried out from alkaline baths (pH 10). For comparison, electroplating of the parent metals, Ni and Cd, was performed individually under the same conditions. The cathodic current efficiency for codeposition was high and decreased with increasing current density. The codeposition process is an anomalous type of plating with Cd being the preferentially deposited metal. The Ni content in the deposits increased with increasing current density. This increase in Ni content improves the corrosion resistance and microhardness of the deposits. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the deposits consist of a mixture of Ni, β, γ, γ¹ phases.     

On the mechanisms of adenosine induced pulmonary vasoconstriction in rats

The effect of adenosine on pulmonary vessels was studied in isolated perfused rat lungs. Drugs were administered intra-arterially in a fixed volume of 0.1 ml Krebs solution as bolus injections. Adenosine responses were obtained before and 10 min after drug injections. When applied in logarithmically increasing doses (1-100 micrograms/ml), adenosine caused dose-dependent increases in pulmonary perfusion pressure (e.g. pulmonary vasoconstriction) which were readily reversible. Challenging adenosine with quinidine, dihydroergocristine and cyproheptadine (2 micrograms/ml each) did not significantly alter adenosine responses. Pretreatment of lungs with 0.5 mM theophylline, 10 micrograms/ml indomethacin, 30 micrograms/ml tebokan (a PAF antagonist) or 1 microgram/ml methylene blue for 10 min, however, antagonized the vasoconstrictor effect of the drug significantly. From these experiments, it was concluded that the mechanisms underlying the pulmonary vasoconstrictor action of adenosine are complex, and that both types of purinoceptors, prostaglandins, PAF and other vascular endothelial hormones might be involved.     

Electron traps created in gate oxides by Fowler–Nordheim injections

Two types of electron traps, donor-like and acceptor-like, are created in the gate oxide of metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors by Fowler–Nordheim electron injections. Electrical properties (areal density, capture cross-section, centroid) of each type of trap are determined by using the avalanche electron injection method and by combining capacitance–voltage and current–voltage measurements. These properties are measured with regard to the Fowler–Nordheim fluence up to breakdown and for both injection modes (electrons injected either from the gate or from the substrate of capacitors).     

A specific,sensitive and high-capacity immunoassay for PAF

A specific radioimmunoassay for platelet-activating factor (PAF) sensitive in the range 10–1000 pg (0.02–2 pmoles) has been developed. Detailed quantitative hapten inhibition studies showed specificity for the acetyl group at C-2 of PAF, a requirement for the ether linkage at C-1 and some tolerance for substituents on the choline nitrogen. No significant cross-reactivity was found with phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine or with lysoPAF. Based on a paper presented at the Third International Conference on Platelet-Activating Factor and Structurally Related Alkyl Ether Lipids, Tokyo, Japan, May 1989.     

Annular slot-coupled dielectric resonator antenna

An annular slot-coupled dielectric resonator antenna is investigated experimentally. As compared with the previous rectangular-slot version, the new configuration offers a much wider bandwidth of 18%. The return loss, radiation patterns, and antenna gain of the configuration have been measured and are discussed     

Simplified characterization of uniaxial and biaxial nonlinearoptical crystals: a plea for standardization of nomenclature andconventions

Standards which eliminate ambiguity in reporting nonlinear phenomena, especially in the increasingly complex realm of biaxial crystals, are proposed. In order to restore uniformity to the designation of crystallographic axes and crystal tensor properties, adoption of IEEE/ANSI Std. 176, with a small but much needed modification for crystal class mm2, is recommended. For the reporting of nonlinear interaction characteristics, other frames are proposed which result in simpler rules than heretofore given for categorizing phase-matching loci, and for characterizing eigenmode polarizations, double refraction, effective nonlinear coupling, and first- and second-order acceptance bandwidths (angular, spectral, thermal) along these loci. Similarities as well as differences between biaxial and uniaxial crystals are emphasized