Conceptual aspects of water re-use

A simplified model of a municipal water recycle system is presented and gives a clear picture of the relationship between process variables such as the intensity of the treatment, the accumulation of pollutants and the number of times the water is re-used. The model can be used to determine the necessary requirements for the treatment process in order to reach a certain desired drinking water quality. This model is extended to cover a variety of practical conditions. It is also shown that accumulation under practical conditions is limited, even if there is no treatment. The model predicts that the recycle system can utilise a low quality supplementary supply, e.g. brackish water. Although the model is derived for a recycle system for domestic water supply it can be used for any closed loop water system.     

宽腹板工形截面偏压杆的M-P-Φ曲线

腹板失稳并不预示着工形截面偏压杆丧失承载能力。由此,本文考虑腹板初始凸曲和残余应力,利用腹板屈后强度,计算了宽腹板工形截面杆的M-P-Φ关系,以便进一步计算其压溃荷载。计算结果表明:腹板有凸曲截面的M-P-Φ曲线和一般的M-P-Φ曲线有本质的不同,明显地反映出腹板凸曲变形的影响。     

角钢预埋件受力性能和设计方法的试验研究

本文通过290个试件的试验研究,基本上弄清了角钢预埋件的受力性能,提出了角钢预埋件的受力模式;推导出的半经验半理论计算公式,计算结果与试验结果符合较好。本文在大量试验数据分析验证的基础上,把角钢预埋件与钢筋预埋件计算公式统一起来,既简单实用,又不失其精确度,实际使用较为方便。     

Lead in glasgow street dirt and soul

The levels of lead in city street dirt and in soil from various locations in Glasgow were investigated during spring 1976. Lead concentrations in street dirt ranged from 150–2300 ppm, mean 960 ppm, and were significantly elevated with respect to the observed “natural” level of 78 ppm. Lead derived from anti-knock compounds in petrol and introduced to the environment via automobile exhausts was clearly implicated as the main source of lead pollution in a series of soil lead measurements at the centre and periphery of eight Glasgow parks.Various chemical leaching techniques were employed and compared. Less than 5% of street dirt and soil lead was found to be associated with the organic phase.     

预应力混凝土结构中空间索线筋的预应力摩擦损失计算

在预应力工程实践中,混凝土中的预应力筋有时需布置成空间曲线索形。其预应力摩擦损失的计算应该按照空间三维曲线的曲率转角来计算。本文推导了空间索线预应力筋的摩擦损失计算公式,推荐了简化近似计算方法。通过若干实例的对比计算,表明不考虑三维效应的影响可能存在较大的误差;而推荐的简化方法则简便且精度较高。     

The relative influence of wind,sunlight and temperature on user comfort in urban outdoor spaces

This paper presents the development of a comfort index that measures adaptivity in outdoor spaces. Over a 9-month period 649 people were surveyed in three locations, in temperatures between 10 and 28 °C. An exploratory factor analysis develops a 15-item scale of comfort that includes measures of adaptivity: clothing, exposure time and seating location. The scale is regressed on physical measures: average instantaneous wind speed; maximum wind speed; mean-exposed radiant temperature; mean-shaded radiant temperature and ambient temperature. The results model the relative contributions of the microclimatic factors for the comfort in the outdoor space. Analyses suggest gustiness and wind speed are most important in determining user satisfaction. There is strong support for the theory that people actively adapt to microclimatic conditions.     

Rheological and fractal characteristics of granular sludge in an upflow anaerobic reactor

The rheological and fractal characteristics of the granular sludge in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor were investigated in this study. The influences of sludge concentration and temperature on the rheological properties of the granular sludge were evaluated, and the Bingham model was adopted to describe its rheology. In addition, image analysis was used to determine the sludge fractal dimension. The results indicate that the UASB granular sludge showed a shear-thinning behavior. The relationships between the limiting viscosity and the sludge concentration, as well as the limiting viscosity and temperature could be respectively modeled using an exponential equation and Arrhenius equation well. The Bingham model was able to adequately describe the rheology of the granular sludge. The fractal dimension of the granular sludge, 2.79+/-0.03, was larger than that of some other aggregates, suggesting that the granular sludge were more compact and denser. Furthermore, the relationship between rheological and fractal properties of the granular sludge could be properly described with the model proposed by Shih et al. [1990. Scaling behavior of the elastic properties of colloidal. Phys. Rev. A 42, 4772-4779].     

景观建筑学

景观是我们生活的地区的基本结构，成熟的景观是文明社会发展最完善、最复杂的人工艺术，涵盖了相当数量的知识、经济和物质资源，它表达了人们对世界的期望，即使人在物质和精神方面都受益。对于一个成功的景观工程而言，统筹安排如何将道路、排水系统、资源和自然保护、野生动物栖息、社会空间以及建筑位置等进行控制协调是至关重要的。按照欧林事务所的经验，景观建筑师更容易具有整合各要素的能力。     

钢丝网架水泥夹芯板防火性能研究

本文就钢丝网架水泥夹芯板的防火问题作了系统的实验研究.实验结果表明,用锥型量热计测定,在钢丝网架水泥夹芯板两面抹上10mm厚的水泥砂浆的情况下,复合板能满足防火要求,可作为不燃性材料使用.     

建筑混凝土结构工程质量通病总结与防治措施

在建筑施工过程中,混凝土浇筑工程经常出现各类质量问题,对常见的混凝土浇筑质量通病进行阐述,对防治措施进行了分析总结。