液相色谱／质谱对动物源性食品中残留抗生素的检测

食品中残留的抗生素可能对人体产生危害,所以目前许多国家的公共卫生机构使用质谱法检测在动物源性食品中抗生素药物残留。从样品前处理、动物源性食品中不同类型抗生素残留检测等方面对液相色谱／质谱技术进行了分析讨论,并对此技术的发展前景进行了展望。     

The Linear Thermal Expansion of Bulk Nanocrystalline Ingot Iron from Liquid Nitrogen to 300 K

The linear thermal expansions (LTE) of bulk nanocrystalline ingot iron (BNII) at six directions on rolling plane and conventional polycrystalline ingot iron (CPII) at one direction were measured from liquid nitrogen temperature to 300 K. Although the volume fraction of grain boundary and residual strain of BNII are larger than those of CPII, LTE of BNII at the six measurement directions were less than those of CPII. This phenomenon could be explained with Morse potential function and the crystalline structure of metals. Our LTE results ruled out that the grain boundary and residual strain of BNII did much contribution to its thermal expansion. The higher interaction potential energy of atoms, the less partial derivative of interaction potential energy with respect to temperature T and the porosity free at the grain boundary of BNII resulted in less LTE in comparison with CPII from liquid nitrogen temperature to 300 K. The higher LTE of many bulk nanocrystalline materials resulted from the porosity at their grain boundaries. However, many authors attributed the higher LTE of many nanocrystalline metal materials to their higher volume fraction of grain boundaries.     

基于不旋转轴肩的铝镁异种材料搅拌摩擦焊

焊具是搅拌摩擦焊的核心,对焊接质量起至关重要的作用. 利用不旋转轴肩焊接系统对6061-T6铝和AZ31B镁合金进行连接,重点分析传统和不旋转轴肩焊接系统下接头成形和力学性能等. 结果表明,与传统工艺相比,采用不旋转轴肩工艺的接头表面成形更加光滑,焊核区以典型铝镁混合的叠层结构为主,且铝镁冶金结合界面呈弯曲状,有效地增强了铝镁异种材料的机械咬合效果;焊缝区金属间化合物层明显减小,其主要是由不旋转轴肩增强焊核区材料的搅拌效果并起到“热沉”的作用所致. 采用不旋转轴肩的接头最大抗拉强度为137 MPa,较传统工艺提高了28%.     

激冷作用对ZLSi7Cu2Mg合金组织及性能的影响

采用不同厚度冷铁对不同壁厚ZLSi7Cu2Mg合金铸件激冷后的金相组织及力学性能进行实验研究。结果表明,凝固速度对铝合金材料金相组织中α枝晶及共晶硅颗粒形状和大小有明显影响,细密的α枝晶和比较圆整的共晶硅颗粒可使铝合金获得很好的抗拉强度以及伸长率;随着冷铁厚度的增加,距离冷铁越近的位置,获得的金相组织越细密,力学性能越好;对于ZLSi7Cu2Mg合金而言,冷铁的激冷距离不会随冷铁厚度的增加而持续增强。     

狼群优化LVQ神经网络的齿轮箱故障诊断应用研究

为了提高齿轮箱故障诊断的准确度,采用LVQ神经网络来完成齿轮箱故障定位及识别,并借助狼群优化算法来实现模型参数的优化。在齿轮箱故障诊断的建模过程中,引入狼群优化算法,将LVQ神经网络权重和阈值作为狼群个体,随机产生的多个权重和阈值组合个体构成狼群,并根据狼群游走、召唤和围攻等行为,不断更新狼群中个体狼的位置来获取全局适应度最大的头狼,得到最优权重和阈值,确定最优齿轮箱故障诊断模型。经过实验证明:采用基于狼群优化LVQ神经网络的齿轮箱故障分类,分类准确度更高。     

干燥和沉积工艺对钛基羟基磷灰石涂层性能的影响

为了制备生物活性与表面质量良好HA/TC4钙磷复合涂层,对仿生矿化法制备钛基羟基磷灰石过程中,干燥和沉积次数对涂层表面的影响进行了研究。试验采用划分相同温度梯度的干燥方案,以24h为总沉积时间,划分2次、3次干燥和沉积,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱分析(EDS)对涂层形貌进行分析。结果表明:3次干燥和沉积后,HA钙磷涂层表面裂纹尺寸控制在宽5~13μm、长71~269μm的范围内,同时涂层均匀性也得到改善;3次沉积后钙磷比为5.81,HA的结晶度得到提高。同时,利用薄膜测厚仪测得3次沉积后涂层的厚度从33μm依次增加至39μm,拉伸试验结果显示3次沉积后结合强度可以增加至12.41MPa。采用仿生法、选择3次干燥和沉积后得到的涂层在表面形貌、涂层厚度、生物活性以及表面结合强度等方面均有利于临床应用。     

Large-scale manufacturing of aluminum alloy plate extruded from subsize billet by new porthole-equal channel angular processing technique

To manufacture plate by the combination of equal channel angular processing (ECAP) and porthole die extrusion techniques, a novel technique, namely portholes-equal channel angular processing (P-ECAP), was studied. Extrusion of AL6005A plate used for the bullet train plate was investigated by finite element method. The relevant porthole dies involving ECAP technique in channels were designed. Dimensional changes in the scrap part of the extrudate obtained after extrusion from the P-ECAP die, with different channel angles, were predicted. Effects of the channel angle and extrusion speed on the maximum temperature of the workpiece and other field variables were evaluated. At the channel angle of 160° of P-ECAP dies, the extrudate exhibited the optimal performance and the least amount of extrudate scrap was obtained. The optimal extrusion speed was 3–5 mm/s. Moreover, with the increase in ram speed from 1 to 9 mm/s, the peak extrusion load increased by about 49% and the maximum temperature was increased by about 70 °C. The effective strain exhibited ascending trend in the corner of the ECAP deformation zone. In the solder seam and the side of die bearing of extrudate, the maximum principal stresses were tensile stress.     

Microstructure characterization and quasi-static failure behavior of resistance spot welds of AA6111-T4 aluminum alloy

The microstructure, microhardness and quasi-static failure behavior of resistance spot welds of AA6111-T4 aluminum alloy were experimentally investigated. Optical metallography and high-resolution hardness traverses were utilized to characterize the weld nugget, heat affected zone and base metal. The AA6111 spot welds displayed a softer nugget and hardened heat affected zone, compared with the base metal. The through-thickness hardness of the base metal sheet was not constant and had to be carefully considered to determine the effect of welding on material properties. Quasi-static lap-shear tensile tests were used to determine the failure load and failure mode. All tensile specimens failed through the interfacial fracture. This failure mode is consistent with the observed reduced hardness in the weld nugget.     

电沉积制备纳米晶铁-镍-铬合金箔工艺及机理研究

以复合羧酸为配位剂,在含三价铬离子的水溶液中,电沉积制备Fe-Ni-Cr合金箔,研究铬盐浓度、电流密度和供电方式等对箔成分和成箔性能的影响,采用SEM、TEM、XRD和EDS对合金箔进行表征,对合金箔的力学、电和耐蚀性能进行研究,并研究合金箔沉积机理。结果表明,采用复合羧酸体系脉冲电沉积可制备出Cr的质量分数为5%~8%的高Cr光滑合金箔,其微观形貌为紧密堆砌的球状颗粒,晶粒尺寸10nm以内,主相为Cr与α-Fe或γ-Fe形成的固溶体。合金箔中Cr含量提高,箔的电阻率、硬度和耐蚀性也随之升高。Fe-Ni-Cr合金共沉积为电化学控制,由于Cr3+加入,合金沉积阻力加大,速度降低。     

家用微波炉磁控管用碳化La2O3-Mo阴极

研究了家用微波炉磁控管碳化La2 O3 Mo阴极 ,参照碳化ThO2 W阴极磁控管的制作工艺 ,成功实现了La2 O3 Mo阴极的碳化以及碳化La2 O3 Mo阴极磁控管的去气、激活。碳化La2 O3 Mo阴极的微波能量输出功率为 5 0 0W ,而同类型的碳化ThO2 W阴极磁控管的额定微波能量输出为 90 0W。通过分析认为 ,碳化La2 O3 Mo阴极磁控管微波输出能量不足的主要原因在于碳化La2 O3 Mo阴极材料本身的电子发射能力不足。