Cyt-C Mediated Mitochondrial Pathway Plays an Important Role in Oocyte Apoptosis in Ricefield Eel (Monopterus albus)

Apoptosis plays a key role in the effective removal of excessive and defective germ cells, which is essential for sequential hermaphroditism and sex change in vertebrates. The ricefield eel, Monopterus albus is a protogynous hermaphroditic fish that undergoes a sequential sex change from female to male. Previous studies have demonstrated that apoptosis is involved in sex change in M. albus. However, the apoptotic signaling pathway is unclear. In the current study, we explored the underlying mechanism of apoptosis during gonadal development and focused on the role of the mitochondrial apoptosis signaling pathway in sex change in M. albus. Flow cytometry was performed to detect apoptosis in gonads at five sexual stages and ovary tissues exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) in vitro. Then the expression patterns of key genes and proteins in the mitochondrial pathway, death receptor pathway and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) pathway were examined. The results showed that the apoptosis rate was significantly increased in the early intersexual stage and then decreased with the natural sex change from female to male. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that bax, tnfr1, and calpain were mainly expressed in the five stages. ELISA demonstrated that the relative content of cytochrome-c (cyt-c) in the mitochondrial pathway was significantly higher than that of caspase8 and caspase12, with a peak in the early intersexual stage, while the levels of caspase8 and caspase12 peaked in the late intersexual stage. Interestingly, the Pearson’s coefficient between cyt-c and the apoptosis rate was 0.705, which suggests that these factors are closely related during the gonadal development of M. albus. Furthermore, the cyt-c signal was found to be increased in the intersexual stage by immunohistochemistry. After incubation with H₂O₂, the mRNA expression of mitochondrial pathway molecules such as bax, apaf-1, and caspase3 increased in ovary tissues. In conclusion, the present results suggest that the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway may play a more important role than the other apoptotic pathways in sex change in M. albus.     

长壁开采切顶短壁梁理论及其110工法——第三次矿业科学技术变革

为了深入了解近距离煤层群切顶留巷上覆岩层应力及变形演化规律,以白皎煤矿B₄煤层、B₃煤层、B₂煤层切顶成巷巷道2442、2443及2444运输平巷为研究对象,开展了3层煤回采巷道开挖物理试验研究,结果表明：①上煤层巷道切顶后,顶板卸压; 煤层开挖后,采空区顶板垮落并支撑巷道顶板,顶板增压; 煤层继续开挖,覆岩断裂,顶板卸压; 巷道顶板应力依次经历卸压、增压及卸压过程,其中,高位顶板应力增加较大,应力较高。②中部巷道切顶及煤层开挖后,上覆岩层压力同时向上煤层巷道围岩及本巷道采动破碎压实围岩转移,并在两巷道之间的上覆岩层中形成应力增高区。③下煤层巷道切顶及煤层开挖后,巷道围岩破坏严重,无集中应力,受前两次开挖卸压影响较大。④上覆岩层沿层理面出现错动变形,同时出现垂直拉伸剪切裂纹,采动影响越大,裂纹扩展程度越大。

     

煤矿巷道锚杆支护应用实例分析

在传统顶板点式监测的基础上,应用BOTDR对采煤工作面回采巷道煤巷顶板沉降位移进行分布式监测。首先通过对BOTDR监测原理和煤巷顶板变形状态的理论分析,提出应用锚杆(索)在煤巷顶板进行光纤定点布设,并根据BOTDR测量的相邻定点间光纤轴向应变和变形量,推导出光纤应变量化煤巷顶板沉降位移的数学表达式;然后进行煤巷顶板沉降的光纤定点拉伸和区段拉伸室内模拟试验,试验中光纤应变表征的位移与光纤拉伸距离的误差分别为0.690%和1.545%,拉伸距离和应变表征光纤位移基本一致;最后进行了采煤工作面回采过程中进风巷煤巷顶板的BOTDR现场监测试验,试验期间,光纤应变表征出最大沉降位移平均值为64.09 mm和135.63 mm的2个顶板沉降区域。与井下十字观测法测量值相比,顶板沉降变形范围的最大误差为5.60%,顶板沉降位移的最大误差为4.96%,顶板垂直位移的绝对误差值小于4 mm,证明了BOTDR定量表征顶板的沉降变形范围和沉降位移的可行性。

     

地质钻探垂钻定向纠偏控制的工程实现与实验分析

理论提出的纠偏方法需反复进行实验验证方可应用于实际工程,然而垂钻纠偏控制过程复杂,操作难度大,所需时间长、资金庞大,直接将所提方法放置现场调试是不可取的,而仅采用计算机仿真对算法进行验证也有一定局限性,因此发展和研究纠偏控制工程实现方法十分必要。本文以地质钻探钻进过程定向纠偏控制的工程实现为导向,首先分析并给出实际纠偏工艺过程以及纠偏控制的特点与目标;然后总结基于模型预测控制的纠偏控制问题与优化目标,结合笔者早期的一些纠偏控制理论研究,分别阐述不同纠偏工况下的纠偏控制方法;其次开发定向纠偏控制系统,用于集成纠偏控制算法,使得算法能够应用于实际工程;最后设计纠偏控制实验,以验证纠偏控制算法的工程适用性。实验表明,所提纠偏控制方法能够有效应用于实际纠偏过程,并应对和完成多种纠偏任务。     

响应面微波辅助酶法提取油茶枯水溶性膳食纤维的工艺优化

为了提高油茶枯有效利用率,利用微波辅助酶法提取油茶枯中的水溶性膳食纤维（SDF）,在微波功率、酶解时间、p H、酶用量4个单因素实验基础上,利用Box-Behnken的中心组合设计原理进行响应面设计优化提取工艺参数。结果表明:在微波功率为450 W、酶用量0.7%、酶解时间2 h、p H为5.0下,油茶枯SDF得率可达15.63%,与SDF的提取理论值比较,其相对误差约为0.45%,且重复性也很好,因此该优化提取工艺参数准确可靠。      

响应面法优化异硫链霉菌LMZM利用玉米芯粉产木聚糖酶发酵培养基的研究

本研究采用响应面法对异硫链霉菌LMZM产木聚糖酶的发酵培养基进行优化。首先利用Plackett-Burman实验设计筛选出影响产酶的4个显著性因素:玉米芯粉、大豆粉、酵母粉和MgSO——4。在此基础上,研究不显著因素的最低添加量来降低生产成本,然后运用最陡爬坡法逼近最大响应值区域,最后利用中心复合设计确定显著性因素之间的交互作用及最佳组成。结果表明,玉米芯粉27.85 g/L、大豆粉16.25 g/L、酵母粉3.46 g/L、MgSO₄1.18 g/L、K₂HPO₄0.60 g/L、Na₂HPO₄0.40 g/L,木聚糖酶最大理论酶活可达117.80 U/m L,经3次平行实验验证,实际酶活平均值为116.63 U/m L与预测酶活相近,且比优化之前的酶活提高了1.28倍。      

High-precision measurement of low reflectivity specular object based on phase measuring deflectometry

Phase measuring deflectometry (PMD) is a robust, noncoherent technique for the characterization of specular surface. For measuring high specular reflectivity surface, PMD can deliver micron radian range local gradient. However, when the measured surface has low specular reflectivity, the accuracy of the measured gradient is low since the captured fringe pattern shows low signal to noise ratio. The phase error characteristics in PMD system when testing low reflectivity surfaces are analyzed. The analysis illustrates that the random phase error increases rapidly while the nonlinear error drops slowly with the decreasing of the tested surface reflectivity. In order to attain high precision measurement of low reflectivity specular surface, a robust error reduction method based on wavelet de-noising is proposed to reduce the phase error. This error reduction method is compared with several other normally used methods in both simulation and experiment work. The method based on the wavelet de-noising shows better performance when measuring the low reflectivity specular surface.     

基于差分Pattern时延差编码的管道应急声通信技术研究

在地下空间突发灾难后通信中断的情况下,基于刚性管道的应急声通信系统可为搜救被困人员提供有效保障。在现有的管道应急声通信系统中,存在传输效率较低的缺点,针对该问题,提出一种基于差分Pattern时延差编码的管道应急声通信方法,可有效提高管道应急声通信系统的传输效率。实际的管道实验结果证明了该方法的有效性与可行性,与原来的通信系统相比,相同条件下的通信速率有了较大提高,并具有一定的抗干扰性能。     

基于小波多分辨率分析的时变结构参数识别研究

提出一种小波多分辨率分析的最优尺度选择方法,并将其应用于结构时变物理参数的识别。首先,从函数空间剖分的角度引入WMRA对时变参数进行多分辨率近似展开,将振动微分方程转化成多元线性回归方程,根据时变参数的频率范围及采样频率、线性方程组的个数等确定分解层数取值范围;其次,利用赤池信息准则（AIC）寻求最优分解尺度,为增强数据的稳定性,采用正交最小二乘算法（OLS）代替传统最小二乘算法（LS）对模型中小波系数进行估计并重构时变参数;最后,分别以突变和连续变化的两种时变参数的5层剪切框架模型进行数值模拟。分析结果表明：在预先确立的分解尺度范围内,采用无噪声干扰的响应信号进行识别时,识别精度随着分解尺度的增加而增加;采用噪声干扰的测量信号进行识别时,识别精度与分解尺度的增加无必然联系;通过选择适当的分解尺度,能够准确识别时变参数、提高方法的计算效率并保证很好的抗噪性能。