微生物发酵牛骨粗胶原蛋白制备胶原多肽

将筛选的安全无毒高产胶原蛋白酶的蜡状芽孢杆菌用于牛骨粗胶原蛋白发酵制备牛骨胶原多肽,结果表明该菌株发酵能显著提高牛骨粗胶原蛋白溶液中游离氨基酸的含量,以水解度和胶原多肽的含量为指标,针对影响发酵的五因素(接种量、pH、牛骨粗胶原蛋白的添加量、发酵温度和发酵时间),在单因素实验确定了较优化的参数范围的基础上,经响应面分析法确定了最佳发酵条件为:接种量1%,pH值6.0,牛骨粗胶原蛋白添加量30.0 g/L,发酵温度27℃,发酵时间42 h,同时获得最大胶原多肽含量的实验值为5.54±0.09 mg/mL。     

苹果皮果胶多糖的理化性质以及抑制人结肠癌细胞HT-29增殖活性的初步研究

用水、质量分数0.5%草酸铵溶液、0.05 mol/L HCl溶液、1 mol/L KOH溶液从苹果皮中提取得到4种果胶多糖,分别是水溶性果胶多糖(WSP)、盐溶性果胶多糖(CSP)、酸溶性果胶多糖(ASP)和碱溶性果胶多糖(BSP)。测定了它们的总糖、糖醛酸和蛋白含量以及相对分子质量、单糖组成及摩尔比和红外光谱;并初步研究了4种苹果皮果胶多糖对人结肠腺癌细胞系HT-29细胞生长的抑制作用。结果显示:WSP、CSP、ASP和BSP的相对分子质量均大于4.0×105Da;气相色谱测定WSP、CSP、ASP和BSP的单糖组成及摩尔比,4种果胶多糖均含有半乳糖,而CSP所含的半乳糖醛酸含量最多,BSP不含半乳糖醛酸。WSP、CSP、ASP和BSP都能抑制人结肠腺癌细胞系HT-29细胞的增值,CSP的抑制活性最高(35.65%),BSP的抑制活性最低(10.30%),初步分析可能与苹果皮果胶多糖中半乳糖及半乳糖醛酸残基的含量相关。     

荔枝气调贮藏时间对货架期品质变化的影响

为掌握荔枝气调贮藏时间对贮藏品质和货架期品质的影响规律,本试验以“淮枝”荔枝为试验材料,采用液氮充注气调保鲜试验平台进行试验,研究了气调贮藏中荔枝贮藏品质的变化,以及不同气调贮藏时间的荔枝分别在低温和常温条件下货架期品质的变化。结果表明：气调贮藏过程中,可滴定酸（TA）含量、色差L＊、a＊值下降速度和质量损失率、褐变指数上升速度在气调贮藏前7d较快,而好果率、可溶性固形物（TSS）含量、色差b＊值在气调贮藏14d后下降速度较快。随着气调贮藏时间的延长,常温条件和低温条件下对应荔枝货架期品质逐渐下降,但是对比常温和低温条件下荔枝品质变化发现,低温条件下荔枝货架期品质下降速度低于常温条件,低温条件对质量损失率、好果率以及色差a‘值的影响显著,对褐变指数、TSS含量、TA含量的影响不显著。该研究为研究荔枝的气调贮藏和销售保鲜提供参考。     

INHIBITORY EFFECT OF ANTHOCYANIN EXTRACT FROM SEED COAT OF BLACK BEAN ON PERICARP BROWNING AND LIPID PEROXIDATION OF LITCHI FRUIT DURING STORAGE

ABSTRACT

Anthocyanins were extracted from seed coats of black beans (Glycine max[L.]) and the inhibitory effects of anthocyanin extract on pericarp browning and lipid peroxidation of litchi fruit were investigated. Litchi fruit were infiltrated for 3 min with 0 (control) or 50 mg/L of anthocyanin extract at a reduced pressure of 53 kPa, then packed in 0.03 mm thick polyethylene bags, and finally stored at 28C for 6 days. Changes in browning index, contents of anthocyanins and total phenol, peroxidase (POD) activity, levels of relative leakage rate and lipid peroxidation, α,α‐diphenyl‐β‐picrylhydrazy (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and reducing power were evaluated. Application of anthocyanin extract from black bean delayed pericarp browning of litchi fruit during storage, which was associated with reduced POD activity and higher contents of anthocyanins and total phenol. Moreover, the anthocyanin extract was found to have a direct inhibition on the POD activity in vitro. Furthermore, application of the anthocyanin extract apparently reduced lipid peroxidation and relatively maintained membrane integrity, which may account for browning inhibition to an extent. Finally, higher DPPH radical scavenging activity and reducing power of the fruits treated with the anthocyanin extract than control fruits possibly benefited in scavenging free radicals and reducing lipid peroxidation. It is, therefore, suggested that inhibited POD activity and reduced lipid peroxidation by the anthocyanin extract from seed coats of black beans were responsible for the inhibition of pericarp browning of litchi fruits.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

Lipid peroxidation is a major cause of quality deterioration of postharvest fruits and vegetables. Some synthetic antioxidants are beneficial in inhibiting lipid peroxidation. However, considering that synthetic antioxidants, such as butylhydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), have potential toxicity, the use of natural extracts to extend the shelf life of postharvest fruits and vegetables is a tendency. In our previous study, it has been found that anthocyanin extract from litchi pericarp has stronger antioxidant activities or free radical scavenging activities than BHT and ascorbic acid ( Duan et al. 2007 ). In this study, the application of anthocyanin extract from seed coat of black soybean showed reduced lipid peroxidation and pericarp browning. It could be used potentially as a postharvest technology for reducing or replacing the use of other chemicals, but it requires further investigation.     

球磨壳聚糖在氢氧化锂溶液中的吸收

采用行星式球磨机对壳聚糖进行球磨处理,研究了温度和氢氧化锂浓度对球磨壳聚糖在氢氧化锂溶液中吸收效果的影响,并通过傅立叶红外光谱和X-射线衍射进行表征。在球磨过程中,壳聚糖的脱乙酰度没有变化,而分子量呈逐渐减小的趋势。球磨壳聚糖在LiOH溶液中的膨胀度均高于原壳聚糖在LiOH溶液中的膨胀度,说明球磨处理可以促进壳聚糖在氢氧化锂溶液中的吸收。溶解温度和LiOH溶液的浓度对壳聚糖的膨胀度有显著影响,其中球磨壳聚糖在5℃、4.8wt%LiOH溶液中膨胀度最高,与壳聚糖溶胀于氢氧化锂溶液经冻融后的膨胀度无显著性差异,说明壳聚糖经过球磨处理后,不需要经过繁琐的冷冻-解冻过程,在低温氢氧化锂溶液中可以达到相同的溶解效果。X-射线衍射和红外图谱分析可知壳聚糖在LiOH溶液的溶胀过程中,壳聚糖的结晶结构受到破坏,壳聚糖的乙酰氨基和羟基与LiOH发生反应。     

逐根法图像处理方式测量棉纤维长度

为快速、准确、无损伤地测量棉纤维长度,介绍图像处理技术目前在纺织检测中的应用现状,分析人工将大量未经梳理的棉纤维单根化并进行图像采集,采用逐根法图像处理方式对纤维长度进行测量,并与三种常用测量仪器HVI型、AFIS型、Y111型的测量结果进行实验对比与分析。指出:逐根法图像处理方式测量棉纤维长度,能有效解决棉纤维测试受损丢失问题,可提高棉纤维长度分布测量的准确性与可靠性,但测量速度慢,测量所需的样本量范围仍需进一步研究确定。     

稻谷芒中羟甲香豆素的鉴定及总香豆素提取工艺

目的:确定稻谷芒中含有羟甲香豆素类成分,并研究稻谷芒中总香豆素超声波提取法的最佳工艺条件。方法:采用TLC、HPLC法对羟甲香豆素进行定性鉴别;以出膏率和总香豆素含量为参考指标,在单因素实验基础上,采用正交实验优化乙醇浓度﹑料液比、提取温度和超声时间。结果:稻谷芒含有羟甲香豆素,总香豆素的最佳提取工艺条件为乙醇浓度为55%,料液比1∶30,提取温度为70℃,超声时间为60min,功率为96W。结论:明确了香豆素类成分是稻谷芒活性物质基础,优化出总香豆素的提取工艺稳定可行,具有较高的经济价值与应用前景。     

纸箱包装机纸板取送机构的设计与研究

针对纸箱包装机纸板取送机构的组成及工作原理,提出采用纸板吸取机构和输送机构的设计方案,介绍各部件的工作原理及分析结构原理,论述设计的合理性和实用性,实现快速输送,满足80箱/min纸箱包装机的供板需求。     

龙眼果肉干制预处理工艺的研究

以减轻龙眼果肉干制期间的皱缩变形及褐变度为目的,通过L9（34）正交试验设计,研究不同温度、热烫时间和冷却方式对热烫处理后龙眼果肉中多酚氧化酶和过氧化物酶活性的影响,比较不同浓度配比护色液对龙眼果肉干制产品色泽和感官品质的影响,并采用正交试验设计优化工艺参数。结果表明：最佳的热烫工艺参数为热烫温度100℃、热烫时间3 min、室温冷却;0．10％抗坏血酸＋0．20％柠檬酸＋0．10％半胱氨酸＋0．10％CaCl 2的复合护色液可以保持龙眼果肉干制品的最佳品质。该工艺的实施能有效抑制龙眼果肉的褐变,使果肉在干制加工过程中保持自然色泽和良好风味,解决了产品干制后果肉皱缩变形、褐变严重、色泽差、二氧化硫残留等问题,并延长了产品保质期。     

复合诱变选育耐高温高产葡萄糖酸盐的黑曲霉菌株

以黑曲霉（Aspergillus niger）Y8为研究对象,经过紫外-高温复合诱变处理后,利用初筛及复筛,得到一株耐高温高产葡萄糖酸盐的黑曲霉菌株UT-1。菌株UT-1在45 ℃,220 r/min条件下进行摇瓶发酵,其平均产葡萄糖酸盐的量为（23.23±0.02） g/100 mL,较出发菌株提高了32.44%,经4次传代培养后,菌株UT-1遗传稳定性能良好。5 L发酵罐试验结果表明,菌株UT-1与出发菌株相比适应期缩短了2 h,发酵周期缩短了4 h,葡萄糖酸盐产量提高了17.14%,为葡萄糖酸盐工业化生产提供理论基础和技术支持。