The structure and spacing of intra-urban retailing: Austin,Texas

Summary An incomplete hierarchy of shopping centers has been identified for Austin, With consideration of the CBD and planned ribbon developments, a complete hierarchy might well be postulated. The depleted population of lowest level centers has been noted and shown to be not incompatible with the other findings.However, some systematic elements have been deduced from the spacing of these centers. With a map transformation, a greater regularity may be found than had been detected here. But the actual distribution has been explained in terms of uneven densities of opportunities since the hierarchical requirement of central place theory had already been fulfilled. Topological variance in such a map transformation as has been suggested may considerably complicate a solution which could adequately account for the distribution of such transport oriented service centers as shopping centers. Further research on this data with such reordered space, using entropic analysis and evaluating the information contained in several distributions under different transformations might prove interesting. More complete data on shopping centers, particularly opening dates, and for defunct centers, store types and closing dates would aid the evaluation of the validity of the deductions made here.Donald Wade Jones is a Graduate Student, Department of Geography, University of Chicago and was previously a Graduate Student in the Department of Geography, University of Texas, at Austin. Kingsley E. Haynes, is an Assistant Professor, Department of Geography and the Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs, University of Texas, Austin.The authors would like to thank Dr. M. Woldenberg, Harvard University for his careful comments and suggestions on an earlier version of this paper. Any errors, however, are the sole responsibility of the authors.     

A comparison of internal eliminated sequences in the genes that encode two K(+)-channel isoforms in Paramecium tetraurelia

The Foundation for Growth Science has been controlling the use of GH by its registration system, which includes a scoring system for the eligibility for GH treatment according to the diagnostic criteria for GH deficiency (GHD) established by the Study Group for Hypothalamo-pituitary Disorder of the Ministry of Health and Welfare. Until 1995, 28,876 patients with GHD (19,432 boys and 9,444 girls) had been registered as eligible for GH treatment. The number of patients registered in a year increased gradually till 1990 due to the unlimited hGH supply by recombinant techniques and the change in the criteria for GH treatment and the number registered became stable after 1990. The frequency of GH-treated patients is calculated to be 55.2/100,000 persons (72.2/100,000 in boys and 37.1/100,000 in girls) in patients born between 1960 and 1990. The highest frequency was 148.4/100,000 persons (191.7/ 100,000 boys and 103.7/100,000 girls) in 1981, when 2,278 patients (1,508 boys and 770 girls) were born. Eligibility for GH treatment is assessed according to the scoring system which is basically dependent on peak GH values in provocation tests so that standardization of GH values measured with the various commercial GH kits is required to avoid inequality of patients' access to the treatment. In samples obtained by GRF test in 10 normal volunteers, hGH was measured with seven human GH (hGH) kits at a laboratory center. Since the RIA value has been used historically for the diagnosis of GHD, the mean of two RIA measurements was selected as the basis for the standardization procedure and the linear regression formula was used for each hGH kit. After the freely available supply of hGH obtained by recombinant DNA techniques, the role of the Foundation for Growth Science has changed to avoid hGH abuse. Even with this regulation, the frequency of registered patients may indicate a tendency to GH overuse.     

Topic 1 Structure of materials and control of porosity: influence of processes on the microstructure of materials

The review reports we are publishing result from a collaboration between the following contributors: Topic 1—J. M. Haynes, A. M. Paillère, L. J. Parrott Topic 2—U. Meier, A. M. Brandt, J. Mazars Topic 3—S. Saunders, C. Andrade, P. Eurin. Panel session 1—G. S. Holister, A. Colson Panel session 2 —B. Schrefler, M. Frémond Panel session 3—J. Hanus, P. Jaugey     

Contribution of endogenous generation of endothelin-1 to basal vascular tone

Endothelin-1 is an endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor peptide, possibly involved in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease. We examined the contribution of endogenously generated endothelin-1 to maintenance of peripheral vascular tone in healthy subjects by local intraarterial administration of an inhibitor of endothelin converting enzyme, phosphoramidon, and of a selective endothelin receptor A antagonist, BQ-123. Brachial artery infusion of local doses of proendothelin-1, the precursor to endothelin-1, caused a slow-onset dose-dependent forearm vasoconstriction which was abolished by co-infusion of phosphoramidon. Phosphoramidon did not affect responses to endothelin-1. Phosphoramidon caused slow-onset vasodilatation when infused alone, with blood flow increasing by 37% at 90 min (p = 0.03). Vasoconstriction to endothelin-1 was abolished by co-infusion of BQ-123 (p = 0.006), with forearm blood flow tending to increase. Infusion of BQ-123 alone caused progressive vasodilatation, with blood flow increasing by 64% after 60 min (p = 0.007). These results show that endogenous production of endothelin-1 contributes to the maintenance of vascular tone. Endothelin converting enzyme inhibitors and receptor antagonists may have therapeutic potential as vasodilators.     

Simultaneous radioimmunoassay of thyroid hormones in unextracted serum

Weekly atmospheric sampling in the Pocatello, Idaho, area and skin testing with a standard inland smut mixture of the smuts of common cereal grains and grasses have shown that smut is a prominent antigen and, used rationally in a mixture of related antigens, is useful in all seasons in the treatment of allergies. The history, agricultural aspects and medical significance of smuts are discussed.     

Alternative adsorption methods for determination of the specific surface of porous solids

Methods of evaluating specific surface from gas adsorption measurements, based on alternatives to the BET equation, are described.

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Résumé On décrit ici les méthodes d’évaluation de la surface spécifique à partir des mesures d’adsorption de gaz, fondées sur les alternatives de l’équation de Brunauer-Emmett-Teller. On les distingue en analytique et comparative, selon que les données expérimentales correspondent à une expression analytique ou qu’elles sont comparées à des données de référence, dans le but d’obtenir une estimation de la surface spécifique. On décrit aussi des méthodes d’études des solides microporeux pour lesquels la méthode BET ne convient pas.

     

Heterozygosity and retention of ejaculatory reflex after castration in male mice.

10 genotypes were used as quantified independent variables to test the hypothesis that degree of heterozygosity is associated with retention of the ejaculatory reflex after castration in 156 male mice. The hypothesis was supported when a significant positive correlation was found between percent heterozygosity and days to last postcastrational ejaculatory reflex. However, results also indicate that unknown environmental factors contribute importantly to the variance. Findings are discussed in terms of environmental and intra- and interspecific genetic variables affecting the trait. (21 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Rapid method for determination of unsulfonated oils

A primary limitation to alkylbenzene sulfonation processes has been the lack of a rapid method to sense the quality of sulfonation. This is especially true for a process using sulfur trioxide where both the level of sulfonating agent and time are critical: too little reagent results in high oils; too much reagent degrades product color; and a delay in the process also degrades color. Although steam distillation of oils from the neutralized sulfonate can be conducted in about one and one-half hours for commercial dodecylbenzene derivatives, far greater time is required for higher molecular weight homologs. Extraction of oils requires about one hour and more operator time than distillation. The use of ethylene glycol as the principal carrier solvent, along with a small amount of water, provides oil values within 10 min distillation time. It is also applicable to longer chain alkylbenzene. sulfonates besides those from dodecylbenzene. Subsequently, extracted oils are high, ca. 90%, in sulfone content. Glycol distilled oils plus subsequently extracted oils (sulfones) are slightly greater than oils obtained exclusively by extraction. It has been realized that some of the more volatile oils are lost during the usual extraction procedure. The glycol oils distillation method has been successfully used in plants for alkylbenzene sulfonic acid quality control.