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71.
Mica Grujicic B. Pandurangan W. C. Bell S. Bagheri 《Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance》2012,21(2):167-179
The propagation of uniaxial-stress planar shocks in granular materials is analyzed using a conventional shock-physics approach.
Within this approach, both compression shocks and decompression waves are treated as (stress, specific volume, particle velocity,
mass-based internal energy density, temperature, and mass-based entropy density) propagating discontinuities. In addition,
the granular material is considered as being a continuum (i.e., no mesoscale features like grains, voids, and their agglomerates
are considered). However, while the granular material is treated as a (smeared-out) continuum, it is recognized that it contains
a solid constituent (parent matter), and that the structurodynamic properties (i.e., Equations of State (EOS) and Hugoniot
relations) of the granular material are related to its parent matter. Three characteristic shock loading regimes of granular
material are considered and, in each case, an analysis is carried out to elucidate shock attenuation and energy dissipation
processes. In addition, an attempt is made to identify a metric (a combination of the material parameters) which quantifies
the intrinsic ability of a granular material to attenuate a shock and dissipate the energy carried by the shock. Toward that
end, the response of a typical granular material to a flat-topped compressive stress pulse is analyzed in each of the three
shock loading regimes. 相似文献
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Mónica B. Betancor Ma. José Caballero Genciana Terova Samuela Corà Reda Saleh Tibiábin Benítez-Santana J. Gordon Bell Carmen María Hernández-Cruz Marisol Izquierdo 《Lipids》2012,47(12):1193-1207
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an essential fatty acid necessary for many biochemical, cellular and physiological functions in fish. However, high dietary levels of DHA increase free radical injury in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae muscle, even when vitamin E (α-tocopherol, α-TOH) is increased. Therefore, the inclusion of other nutrients with complementary antioxidant functions, such as vitamin C (ascorbic acid, vitC), could further contribute to prevent these lesions. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of vitC inclusion (3,600?mg/kg) in high DHA (5?% DW) and α-TOH (3,000?mg/kg) microdiets (diets 5/3,000 and 5/3,000?+?vitC) in comparison to a control diet (1?% DHA DW and 1,500?mg/kg of α-TOH; diet 1/1,500) on sea bass larvae growth, survival, whole body biochemical composition and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) content, muscle morphology, skeletal deformities and antioxidant enzymes, insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and myosin expression (MyHC). Larvae fed diet 1/1,500 showed the best performance in terms of total length, incidence of muscular lesions and ossification degree. IGFs gene expression was elevated in 5/3,000 diet larvae, suggesting an increased muscle mitogenesis that was confirmed by the increase in the mRNA copies of MyHC. vitC effectively controlled oxidative damages in muscle, increased α-TOH larval contents and reduced TBARS content and the occurrence of skull deformities. The results of the present study showed the antioxidant synergism between vitamins E and C when high contents of DHA are included in sea bass larvae diets. 相似文献
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Dave Randall 《Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW)》2016,25(4-5):409-423
Tenenberg, Roth, and Socha’s paper “From I-awareness to we-awareness in CSCW” is, or should be, of special significance to those in the CSCW and HCI communities with more than a passing interest in the theoretical issues that underpin our work. It can be argued, and I would be a proponent of this view, that fundamental intellectual disagreements too seldom get an airing in our community, perhaps because it is in large part conference driven. Because of this, underlying perspectival disagreements can appear rather arcane. One of the great merits of the contributions to this special issue, I hope and believe, is that they will appear less so after careful reading. 相似文献
77.
Jooyoung Jang Susan Bell Trickett Christian D. Schunn J. Gregory Trafton 《International journal of human-computer studies》2012,70(11):812-827
Spatial arrangement of information can have large effects on problem solving. Although such effects have been observed in various domains (e.g., instruction and interface designs), little is known about the cognitive processing mechanisms underlying these effects, nor its applicability to complex visual problem solving. In three experiments, we showed that the impact of spatial arrangement of information on problem solving time can be surprisingly large for complex real world tasks. It was also found that the effect can be caused by large increases in slow, external information searches (Experiment 1), that the spatial arrangement itself is the critical factor and the effect is domain-general (Experiment 2a), and that the underlying mechanism can involve micro-strategy selection for information encoding in a response to differing information access cost (Experiment 2b). Overall, these studies show a large slowdown effect (i.e., approximately 30%) that stacking information produces over spatially distributed information, and multiple paths by which this effect can be produced. 相似文献
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Michael J. Walker Kirstin Gray Christopher Hopley David Bell Peter Colwell Peter Maynard Duncan Thorburn Burns 《Food Analytical Methods》2012,5(4):874-880
Morpholine is a precursor of carcinogenic nitrosamines and although the possibility of their formation in the human stomach
after ingestion of morpholine-treated apples is reported as highly unlikely morpholine has not been authorised as a food additive
in the EU. Methods for its detection are required since it is permitted in other jurisdictions and may be present on food
through direct treatment of fruit with waxes containing the compound, through steam treatment during processing or from packaging.
Methods using derivatising agents with the inclusion of UV chromophores such as dansyl chloride yield good separation and
high sensitivity but with mass spectrometric fragment ions predominantly originated from the derivatising group rather than
the morpholine moiety. An amine acetylation derivatisation method is proposed from which fragment ions originating from the
morpholine group are detected using widely available GC–MS. With full validation, a forensically robust confirmation of the
presence of morpholine via its N-acetyl derivative is possible in support of regulatory analysis. 相似文献
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