Empirical Assessment of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Vaccine to Combat COVID-19

COVID-19 has become one of the critical health issues globally, which surfaced first in latter part of the year 2019. It is the topmost concern for many nations’ governments as the contagious virus started mushrooming over adjacent regions of infected areas. In 1980, a vaccine called Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) was introduced for preventing tuberculosis and lung cancer. Countries that have made the BCG vaccine mandatory have witnessed a lesser COVID-19 fatality rate than the countries that have not made it compulsory. This paper’s initial research shows that the countries with a long-term compulsory BCG vaccination system are less affected by COVID-19 than those without a BCG vaccination system. This paper discusses analytical data patterns for medical applications regarding COVID-19 impact on countries with mandatory BCG status on fatality rates. The paper has tackled numerous analytical challenges to realize the full potential of heterogeneous data. An analogy is drawn to demonstrate how other factors can affect fatality and infection rates other than BCG vaccination only, such as age groups affected, other diseases, and stringency index. The data of Spain, Portugal, and Germany have been taken for a case study of BCG impact analysis.     

全球电子废物的研究(下)

(续接本刊2007年第11期第42页) 　　3中国、印度和南非的电子废物管理及评述 　　3.1发展中国家和转型期国家面临的特殊问题 　　上面已经提到了部分发展中国家和转型期国家面临的特殊问题,总结如下: 　　①尽管国内人均电子废物的产生量仍相对较小,但对于人口大国而言,如中国和印度,电子废物的绝对产生量大(Empa,2005). 　　……