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11.
A transformation is presented which converts any pushdown automaton (PDA)M
0 withn
0 states andp
0 stack symbols into an equivalent PDAM withn states and n
0
/n2
p
0 stack symbols into an equivalent ofn, 1n
0. This transformation preserves realtime behavior but not derterminism. The transformation is proved to be the best possible one in the following sense: for each choice of the parametersn
0 + 1 stack symbols for any desired value realtime PDAM
0 such that any equivalent PDAM (whether realtime or not) havingn states must have at least (n
0
/n)2 p0 stack symbols. Furthermore, the loss of deterministic behavior cannot be avoided, since for each choice ofn
0 andp
0, there is a deterministic PDAM
0 such that no equivalent PDAM with fewer states can be deterministic.This research was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grants MCS76-10076 and MCS76-10076A01. 相似文献
12.
Yanka Jeliazova Michael Kayser Beate Mildner Achim Walter Hassel Detlef Diesing 《Thin solid films》2006,500(1-2):330-335
The dielectric breakdown of thin (d = 3–4 nm) aluminium and tantalum oxide films was investigated by means of current voltage plots in metal/insulator/metal systems. Dielectric breakdown field strengths, EDB, of 0.6 GV m− 1 were found for both oxide types at room temperature. Differences appear in the temperature dependence of EDB. Tantalum oxide films show an unchanged breakdown behaviour for temperatures up to 420 K while aluminium oxide films lose already 80% of their EDB value in the same temperature range. Time-resolved investigations of the electric breakdown revealed intermediate states of both oxide types which were stable for several ms being characterized by an enhanced tunnel current. The breakdown voltage clearly scales with the oxide thickness for both oxide types. 相似文献
13.
14.
Detlef Hühnlein 《Datenschutz und Datensicherheit - DuD》2014,38(4):217-217
15.
Junying Liu Rui Zhang Itaru Osaka Sarada Mishra Anna E. Javier Detlef‐M. Smilgies Tomasz Kowalewski Richard D. McCullough 《Advanced functional materials》2009,19(21):3427-3434
New solution processable 4‐(2‐hexyldecan)‐4H‐bisthieno[2,3‐d:3′,2′‐b]pyrrole and 4,4′‐dialkyl‐2,2′‐bithiazole‐based copolymers (PBTzDTPs) are synthesized with excellent FET performance. These novel copolymers have considerable potential in printable electronics as they have high charge carrier mobilities, excellent air stability, good solution processibility, and no requirement for post‐deposition thermal annealing, all requirements for this field of application. The thin film transistors fabricated from PBTzDTPs achieve field effect mobilities as high as 0.14 cm2 V?1 s?1 with current on/off ratios up to 106 without thermal annealing. In addition, the devices exhibit stable performance in air, showing no significant degradation over 60 days. Moreover, the polymers described here provide an excellent example of the systems in which higher mobility performance does not require higher crystalline, long‐range ordered structures. Such a system appears to be particularly promising for rapid fabrication techniques, where kinetic conditions usually prevent the development of long‐range order. 相似文献
16.
Widely Tunable Morphologies in Block Copolymer Thin Films Through Solvent Vapor Annealing Using Mixtures of Selective Solvents 下载免费PDF全文
Michelle A. Chavis Detlef‐M. Smilgies Ulrich B. Wiesner Christopher K. Ober 《Advanced functional materials》2015,25(20):3057-3065
Thin films of block copolymers are extremely attractive for nanofabrication because of their ability to form uniform and periodic nanoscale structures by microphase separation. One shortcoming of this approach is that to date the design of a desired equilibrium structure requires synthesis of a block copolymer de novo within the corresponding volume ratio of the blocks. In this work, solvent vapor annealing in supported thin films of poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate)‐block‐poly(methyl methacrylate) [PHEMA‐b‐PMMA] by means of grazing incidence small angle X‐ray scattering (GISAXS) is investigated. A spin‐coated thin film of a lamellar block copolymer is solvent vapor annealed to induce microphase separation and improve the long‐range order of the self‐assembled pattern. Annealing in a mixture of solvent vapors using a controlled volume ratio of solvents, which are chosen to be preferential for each block, enables selective formation of ordered lamellae, gyroid, hexagonal, or spherical morphologies from a single‐block copolymer with a fixed volume fraction. The selected microstructure is then kinetically trapped in the dry film by rapid drying. This paper describes what is thought to be the first reported case where in situ methods are used to study the transition of block copolymer films from one initial disordered morphology to four different ordered morphologies, covering much of the theoretical diblock copolymer phase diagram. 相似文献
17.
Chemikalienfreie Bekämpfung von Holzschädlingen durch dielektrische Erwärmung mit Radiowellen und Mikrowellen 下载免费PDF全文
Christian Hoyer Christian Pfütze Dr. Rudy Plarre Dr. Ulf Trommler Steffen Steinbach Kerstin Klutzny Dr. Frank Holzer Carsten Rabe Björn Höhlig Prof. Frank‐Dieter Kopinke Prof. Detlef Schmidt Dr. Ulf Roland 《化学,工程师,技术》2014,86(8):1187-1197
Thermal pest control requires long treatment times due to the low thermal conductivity of wood and may lead to the formation of cracks. Here, the thermal treatment with radio waves as well as microwaves has been studied. The direct dielectric heating has the advantage of a good homogeneity. The obtained temperature profiles for radio waves were more homogeneous compared to microwaves. Detailed studies showed that elimination of pests was not related to the application of the electromagnetic field itself, but due to the temperature increase. 相似文献
18.
On the Use of Glyoxal Bis (t-Butyl Nitron) as a Spin Trap Nitroxides derived from glyoxal bis(t-butyl nitrone), GBBN , have been studied by e.s.r. spectroscopy. Well resolved e.s.r. spectra exhibiting extra hyperfine splitting by magnetic active nuclei in γ-position have been recorded for the spin adducts of alkyl, as well as .N3 and .CH2Cl radicals. Enhanced stability was found for the spin adducts of halogen atoms. However, a wider application of this spin trap is limited by the strong superposition of the e.s.r. signals of different radical spin adducts which is directly related to almost identical conformations of these nitroxides. 相似文献
19.
20.
Keun HC Beckonert O Griffin JL Richter C Moskau D Lindon JC Nicholson JK 《Analytical chemistry》2002,74(17):4588-4593
Cryogenic probe technology can significantly compensate for the inherently low sensitivity of natural abundance 13C NMR spectroscopy. This now permits its routine use in NMR spectroscopy of biofluids, such as urine or plasma, with acquisition times that enable a high throughput of samples. Metabonomic studies often generate numerous samples in order to characterize fully the time-dependent biochemical response to stimuli, but until now, they have been largely conducted using 1H NMR spectroscopy because of its high sensitivity and hence efficient data acquisition. Here, we demonstrate that information-rich 13C NMR spectra of rat urine can be obtained using appropriately short acquisition times suitable for biochemical samples when using a cryogenic probe. Furthermore, these data were amenable to automated pattern recognition analysis, which produced a profile of the metabolic response to the model hepatotoxin hydrazine that was consistent with earlier studies. Thus, a new source of detailed and complementary information is available to metabonomics using cryogenic probe 13C NMR spectroscopy. 相似文献