PC箱梁腹板竖向预应力扩散效应测试分析

为了研究箱梁腹板在竖向预应力作用下的应力扩散效应,将箱梁腹板视作狭长矩形薄板,以多对力作用在该薄板模拟腹板在竖向预应力作用下的应力场,导出竖向正应力的解析解,并采用最小二乘法原理得其数值解。引入应力均匀度参数λ和应力水平系数κ,计算得相应截面的λ值和κ值,表明λ值和κ值对竖向预应力筋间距s较为敏感;在保证λ值和κ值大于0.95的前提下计算得适合工程精度的腹板竖向预应力扩散角α,并进行多项式拟合。通过实桥测试腹板竖向应力扩散效应,同时采用有限元软件模拟计算,结果表明在竖向预应力筋作用下,腹板应力扩散效应明显,在腹板的上部和下部,两根竖向预应力筋之间存在应力空白区,在腹板中部竖向应力都比较均匀。     

合金元素对TRIP钢连续冷却固态相变和硬度的影响

为了研究Al和P合金元素在TRIP钢固态相变过程中的重要作用,利用热膨胀实验、金相观察、显微硬度测量等方法绘制了4种不同Al和P含量的C-Mn-Al-P TRIP钢的CCT图.结果表明,Al元素强烈缩小奥氏体相区,提高Ac3与Ms,促使CCT图左移和上移.P元素能够阻碍碳化物的生成,当钢中w(P)达到0.14%时,能显著将CCT曲线图中的珠光体区与贝氏体区右移.P元素对先共析铁素体相变和马氏体相变没有显著影响.随着冷却速率的增加,材料的显微硬度增加.对于每一种成分超过其临界冷却速率时将得到完全的马氏体组织.添加固溶强化元素可以强化铁素体基体,增加铁素体基体的硬度,P元素固溶强化能力最强,Mn元素稍弱,Al元素很弱.     

基于多样化进化策略的基因表达式编程算法

针对传统GEP（Gene Expression Programming）算法的未成熟收敛以及陷入局部最优问题,提出一种基于多样化进化策略的基因表达式编程算法（DS-GEP：Gene Expression Programming based on diversified develop-ment strategy）。该算法通过基因空间均匀分布策略,自适应地交叉和变异算子以及淘汰算子等方法,对种群给予不同的进化策略,以保持种群的多样性,从而增强算法的寻优能力。通过对函数挖掘的实验证明,多样化进化策略各个部分均对改善挖掘效率发挥了作用,提高了DS-GEP函数挖掘算法的成功率。与传统GEP算法相比较,该算法的平均成功进化代数缩短了11%,成功进化时间缩短了8%,进化成功率提高了20%。     

Adsorption breakthrough of benzene in the fixed bed of modified activated carbon under different humidity conditions

The breakthrough curves of benzene and water on modified activated carbons (ACs) were investigated. Temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) experiments were conducted to measure the TPD curves of benzene and water on modified and unmodified ACs and to estimate the activation energy for the desorption of benzene on the modified ACs. Starting with unmodified ACs, two modified ACs were prepared by using two different types of silane, designated by KH560 and 1706. The results showed that the activation energy for the desorption of benzene on KH560/AC and 1706/AC was higher than that on unmodified AC. In addition, the activation energy for the desorption of water on KH560/AC and 1706/AC was lower than that on unmodified AC. The breakthrough curves of benzene obtained from the experimental observations under different humidity conditions were compared with the results of the TPD experiments. The results show that the modified ACs are less affected by water, whereas the unmodified ACs are more affected by water, indicating that surface modification by organosilane compounds can improve the adsorption of benzene on the activated carbo, which weakens the adsorption of water.     

一种组态式产品设计方法

为了实现产品的快速定制和设计知识的重用,以进一步提高设计效率,促进产品配置的智能化,在模块化的基础上,文章提出了一种组态式的产品设计方法。对组件、组态概念进行了界定;对组件化方法、组态过程进行了阐述;并给出了组态系统的方程。最后,以某工装夹具的组件化和组态过程为例,详细说明了组态设计的基本原理和方法。     

基因表达式编程种群多样性自适应调控算法

为了解决基因表达式编程GEP种群多样性控制问题,提出了一种新的带权种群多样性的自适应调控方法。设计了带权的种群多样性测度方法,详细分析了选择、交叉及变异算子对种群多样性的影响。提出了初始种群的多样化算法DAIP,以保证初始种群多样性的最大化。设计了自适应的交叉和变异算子,提出了种群多样性自适应调控算法APDTA,使种群在进化过程中维持合适的种群多样性,进而提高进化效率。实验验证了APDTA的有效性。     

Digital monitoring for heavy duty mechanical equipment based on fiber Bragg grating sensor

The digital monitoring principle and technologies for heavy duty mechanical equipment based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) technology are introduced in this paper. The fundamentals of new-style FBG sensing technology, including the photorefractive effect of FBG, the physical formation, and the relation between optical properties and grating parameters, are investigated. The plaster, encapsulation and distribution planning of FBG sensor (FBGS), which is used to monitor heavy duty mechanical equipment under abominable environment and extreme conditions, are also studied. In addition, theoretical and experimental researches on the strain, temperature, displacement, and stress transmission characteristics between FBGS and detection interface are presented. The principle and method for temperature compensation in non-uniformity temperature field are described in detail as well. Comparing with the traditional sensing monitoring techniques, the application of FBGS technology on digital monitoring and diagnosis for heavy duty mechanical equipment has a number of significant technical advantages and will make a new breakthrough in this field.     

Microstructure and texture evolution during warm compression of the magnesium alloy AZ31

The evolution of the microstructure and texture with strain during compression at 150℃ of the magnesium alloy AZ31 has been investigated using the electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) technique. The initial samples were chosen to have a strong basal plane texture with the crystal c-axes perpendicular to the compression direction. The EBSD data provide evidence concerning the relative activity of both {10-12} extension twinning and slip, and suggest that non-basal slip is important in samples deformed to a strain of more than 0.2. The relative contributions of the twinning and the slip during deformation have been discussed based on the results above.     

Renewal strategies for old industrial areas in the post-industrial age—Take “Zurich-West” in Switzerland as an example

This paper introduces and analyses the renewal planning of “Zurich-West”, an old industrial area. It points out that systematic and comprehensive target orientation, extensive collaboration in argumentation and decision-making, and the design ideas of coexistence and integration are the key to its success. Considering the status quo of China’s old industrial district remodeling, the paper offers some suggestions. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50878045)     

Effect of coagulation temperature on structures and properties of poly(<Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>-phenylene benzobisoxazole) (DHPBO) fibers during dry-jet wet-spinning process

The effect of coagulation temperature on the morphology, microstructures and mechanical properties of dihydroxy poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) (DHPBO) fibers was investigated during dry-jet wet-spinning process, in which the coagulation bath concentration and drawn ratio were kept as 10 wt% of PPA in water and 1.7, respectively. The structures and mechanical properties of the as-spun DHPBO fibers were characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, and single fiber tensile testing. The results indicated that in PPA/H₂O coagulation system, when the coagulation temperature was 25°C, highly crystallized DHPBO as-spun fibers possessing fine crystallites, circular and smooth morphology, and excellent mechanical properties could be achieved. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50673017), Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (Grant No. B603) and the Program of Introducing Taleuts of Discipline to University of People’s Republic of China (“111” Program) (Grant No. 111-2-04)