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71.
Novel wet-chemical methods of synthesis have been adopted to synthesize nano-crystalline CeO2 and Gd-substituted compositions aiming to explore an efficient oxide ion conducting solid electrolyte for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell (IT-SOFC) applications. Nano-crystalline CeO2 powders were synthesized by combustion method using redox mixture of cerric ammonium nitrate or cerium nitrate and maleic acid or 1,3-dimethylurea and compared with high surface area CeO2 powders prepared by hydrothermal technique with microwave precipitated precursor from aqueous solutions of (NH4)2Ce(NO3)6 and urea. The grain size achieved by the hydrothermal technique is ∼7 nm which is smaller than that of commercial nano CeO2 powders. Conventional or microwave sintering was used to prepare dense Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9 pellets from the ceria powders made of redox mixture of cerium nitrate, 1,3-dimethylurea (DMU) and Gd2O3 as the starting ingredients. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and ac impedance spectroscopy. The ionic conductivity measured for the pellet sintered at 1400 °C is 1 × 10−2 and 2.4 × 10−2 S/cm at 700 °C and 800 °C respectively. 相似文献
72.
Robert Rieger Martin Schuettler Dipankar Pal Chris Clarke Peter Langlois John Taylor Nick Donaldson 《IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering》2006,14(4):427-437
In this paper, we describe the design and testing of a system for recording electroneurographic signals (ENG) from a multielectrode nerve cuff (MEC). This device, which is an extension of the conventional nerve signal recording cuff, enables ENG to be classified by action potential velocity. In addition to electrical measurements, we provide preliminary in vitro data obtained from frogs that demonstrate the validity of the technique for the first time. Since typical ENG signals are extremely small, on the order of 1 1 microV, very low-noise, high-gain amplifiers are required. The ten-channel system we describe was realized in a 0.8 microm CMOS technology and detailed measured results are presented. The overall gain is 10 000 and the total input-referred root mean square (rms) noise in a bandwidth 1 Hz-5 kHZ is 291 nV. The active area is 12 mm(2) and the power consumption is 24 mW from +/-2.5 V power supplies. 相似文献
73.
74.
Incorporating Ancestors' Influence in Genetic Algorithms 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
A new criterion of fitness evaluation for Genetic Algorithms is introduced where the fitness value of an individual is determined by considering its own fitness as well as those of its ancestors. Some guidelines for selecting the weighting coefficients for quantifying the importance to be given to the fitness of the individual and its ancestors are provided. This is done both heuristically and automatically under fixed and adaptive frameworks. The Schema Theorem corresponding to the proposed concept is derived. The effectiveness of this new methodology is demonstrated extensively on the problems of optimizing complex functions including a noisy one and selecting optimal neural network parameters. 相似文献
75.
A mixture-of-experts framework for adaptive Kalman filtering 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Chaer W.S. Bishop R.H. Ghosh J. 《IEEE transactions on systems, man, and cybernetics. Part B, Cybernetics》1997,27(3):452-464
This paper proposes a modular and flexible approach to adaptive Kalman filtering using the framework of a mixture-of-experts regulated by a gating network. Each expert is a Kalman filter modeled with a different realization of the unknown system parameters such as process and measurement noise. The gating network performs on-line adaptation of the weights given to individual filter estimates based on performance. This scheme compares very favorably with the classical Magill filter bank, which is based on a Bayesian technique, in terms of: estimation accuracy; quicker response to changing environments; and numerical stability and computational demands. The proposed filter bank is further enhanced by periodically using a search algorithm in a feedback loop. Two search algorithms are considered. The first algorithm uses a recursive quadratic programming approach which extremizes a modified maximum likelihood function to update the parameters of the best performing filter in the bank. This particular approach to parameter adaptation allows a real-time implementation. The second algorithm uses a genetic algorithm to search for the parameter vector and is suited for post-processed data type applications. The workings and power of the overall filter bank and the suggested adaptation schemes are illustrated by a number of examples. 相似文献
76.
In this paper, a stream-based dataflow architecture is proposed, and its simulation model, which has helped to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed architectural concept, is discussed. The machine integrates the conventional Von Neumann type of control flow subsystem with a dataflow processing element of token storage type. The control flow unit tackles the dynamic nature of the stream structure including input/output whereas the dataflow unit does the computation part in an applicative style. A pipelined version of the stream machine is also discussed. The effectiveness of the machine is studied by running a few example programs in the simulated machine. The machine is expected to be useful in real time signal processing applications. 相似文献
77.
78.
S. Shankar Manish Kumar Anup K. Ghosh O. P. Thakur 《Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics》2014,25(11):4896-4901
The first measurements are reported for the frequency-dependent conductivity of (1?x)BiFeO3–xBaTiO3 (x = 0.10, 0.15 and 0.30) solid solutions in the frequency range of 100–106 Hz and in the temperature range of 50–300 °C. Powder X-ray diffraction confirms the formation of solid solutions. The dielectric properties were seen to improve with increasing BaTiO3 (BT) content. The conductivity (AC and DC) measurements reveal an inverse variation of the frequency exponent ‘s’ with temperature, high density of states and thermally activated process. The calculated density of states was found to be N(Ef) = 80.2 × 1032 eV?1 cm?1 at 1 kHz and 50 °C for BiFeO3–10 % BaTiO3 (BFO–10 % BT) solid solution. The impedance spectroscopy analysis confirms the presence of grain and grain boundary affecting the conductivity. Our results provide the first unambiguous evidence of conduction in crystallite BFO–BT solid solutions through correlated-barrier-hopping model. 相似文献
79.
D. Fink S. Ghosh R. Klett L. Palmetshofer J. Vacik V. Hnatowicz 《Fullerenes, Nanotubes and Carbon Nanostructures》2013,21(2):175-183
Abstract The depth profiles of lithium, implanted into fullerene at different fluences and temperatures are reported. They deviate considerably from the simple ballistic predictions. They can be understood in terms of depth dependent Li mobility immediately after the ion implantation. This mobility depends considerably on the temperature and on the degree of fullerene damage. It appears that the fullerene destruction products which act as traps for the mobile lithium are somewhat mobile themselves, essentially at high temperatures, and at low damage levels. 相似文献
80.
We present two novel mobile reflectometry approaches for acquiring detailed spatially varying isotropic surface reflectance and mesostructure of a planar material sample using commodity mobile devices. The first approach relies on the integrated camera and flash pair present on typical mobile devices to support free‐form handheld acquisition of spatially varying rough specular material samples. The second approach, suited for highly specular samples, uses the LCD panel to illuminate the sample with polarized second‐order gradient illumination. To address the limited overlap of the front facing camera's view and the LCD illumination (and thus limited sample size), we propose a novel appearance transfer method that combines controlled reflectance measurement of a small exemplar section with uncontrolled reflectance measurements of the full sample under natural lighting. Finally, we introduce a novel surface detail enhancement method that adds fine scale surface mesostructure from close‐up observations under uncontrolled natural lighting. We demonstrate the accuracy and versatility of the proposed mobile reflectometry methods on a wide variety of spatially varying materials. 相似文献