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61.
Gerben Klaas Dirk de Vries Maarten van Someren 《Expert systems with applications》2012,39(18):13426-13439
In this paper we present a machine learning framework to analyze moving object trajectories from maritime vessels. Within this framework we perform the tasks of clustering, classification and outlier detection with vessel trajectory data. First, we apply a piecewise linear segmentation method to the trajectories to compress them. We adapt an existing technique to better retain stop and move information and show the better performance of our method with experimental results. Second, we use a similarity based approach to perform the clustering, classification and outlier detection tasks using kernel methods. We present experiments that investigate different alignment kernels and the effect of piecewise linear segmentation in the three different tasks. The experimental results show that compression does not negatively impact task performance and greatly reduces computation time for the alignment kernels. Finally, the alignment kernels allow for easy integration of geographical domain knowledge. In experiments we show that this added domain knowledge enhances performance in the clustering and classification tasks. 相似文献
62.
Two dimensional simulations of non-cohesive granular matter in a biaxial shear tester are discussed. The effect of particle elasticity on the mechanical behavior is investigated using two complementary distinct element methods (DEM): Soft particle molecular dynamics simulations (Particle Flow Code, PFC) for elastic particles and contact dynamics simulations (CD) for the limit of perfectly rigid particles. As soon as the system dilates to form shear bands, it relaxes the elastic strains so that one finds the same stresses for rigid respectively elastic particles in steady state flow. The principal stresses in steady state flow are determined. They are proportional to each other, giving rise to an effective macroscopic friction coefficient which is about 10% smaller than the microscopic friction coefficient between the grains. 相似文献
63.
Joormann Jutta; Hertel Paula T.; Brozovich Faith; Gotlib Ian H. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2005,114(4):640
The authors examined intentional forgetting of negative material in depression. Participants were instructed to not think about emotional nouns that they had learned to associate with a neutral cue word. The authors provided participants with multiple occasions to suppress the unwanted words. Overall, depressed participants successfully forgot negative words. Moreover, the authors obtained a clear practice effect. However, forgetting came at a cost: Compared with the nondepressed participants and with the depressed participants who were instructed to forget positive words, depressed participants who were instructed to forget negative words showed significantly worse recall of the baseline words. These results indicate that training depressed individuals in intentional forgetting could prove to be an effective strategy to counteract automatic ruminative tendencies and mood-congruent biases. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
64.
This paper describes a model of design, which takes a different perspective in that it emphasises mechanisms and constraints.
The model accommodates design-related activities from the enterprise level through to activities of individuals (e.g. decision-making
processes), and provides a holistic treatment of existing design methods. It is suggested that the output of a design stage
is not so much the input to the next, as the provider of constraints. Consequently, the creative component of design is not
concentrated in one task, with the others being technician tasks: instead each of the tasks augments the design in a creative
way. A degree of commonality was observed across different domains and stages of design, which leads to the proposal of a
generic design activity (GDA), that can be used in diverse design situations. Sub-activities within the GDA were identified
as the generation of candidate solutions, solution assessment, solution selection, implementation, and retrieval of design
intent. It is suggested that one of the limitations of many design tools, especially artificial intelligence, is the reliance
on on complete problem and constraint specification. In real situations, designers have to determine constraints from incomplete
and qualitative specifications, using subjective processes. Furthermore, they subsequently have to negotiate with others for
the relaxation of constraints, as the design space may be over-constrained. This negotiation involves interaction with others,
and adds the organisational behaviour factors to the design process. Decision-making during design needs to be able to accommodate
multiple viewpoints, cope with uncertainty of analysis (incompleteness of knowledge), propagate uncertain variables, and accommodate
varying degrees of information abstraction. Other areas of design that may benefit for additional research are identified.
This work was performed at the Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Canterbury, New Zealand.
Submitted to Research in Engineering Design 相似文献
65.
Dirk Osswald Jan Martin Catherina Burghart Ralf Mikut Heinz Wrn Georg Bretthauer 《Robotics and Autonomous Systems》2004,48(4):33-221
This article presents the approaches taken to integrate a novel anthropomorphic robot hand into a humanoid robot. The requisites enabling such a robot hand to use everyday objects in an environment built for humans are presented. Starting from a design that resembles the human hand regarding size and movability of the mechatronical system, a low-level control system is shown providing reliable and stable controllers for single joint angles and torques, entire fingers and several coordinated fingers. Further on, the high-level control system connecting the low-level control system with the rest of the humanoid robot is presented. It provides grasp skills to the superior robot control system, coordinates movements of hand and arm and determines grasp patterns, depending on the object to grasp and the task to execute. Finally some preliminary results of the system, which is currently tested in simulations, will be presented. 相似文献
66.
Dirk Veestraeten 《Computational Economics》2004,24(2):185-207
Models in economics and other fields often require a restricted Brownian motion because frequently implicit or explicit barriers restrict the domain. This paper contributes to the literature on reflected Brownian motion by deriving its conditional density function as a closed-form expression that consists of infinite sums of Gaussian densities. This solution is compared with an alternative, trigonometric expression derived earlier. Numerical analyses reveal that convergence properties of the expression derived in this paper are superior to those of the alternative representation for most practically relevant set-ups. Despite the complex appearance of the density formula, its use only requires fractions of a second on simple desktop computers such that, next to the theoretical appeal, also practicability is guaranteed. 相似文献
67.
68.
The scope of the article is to describe the automated production of a thixoformed steel part. The production plant was set up within a prototype initiative at the Institute of Metal Forming in cooperation with the Institute of Automatic Control of RWTH Aachen University and industrial partners. Preliminary experiments showed that the quality of the formed parts varied to a great extent due to changing production conditions since the handling of the billet was carried out manually. To eliminate the possible disturbances introduced by the manual handling of the billet, an automation concept has been elaborated in order to guarantee a defined production environment. An industrial robot (KUKA) fulfils the handling tasks like the feeding of the induction coil with the feedstock material and the placing of the heated billet into the hydraulic press. The removal of the formed part from the press is realised by a simple mechanical device in order to be able to use only one gripper. The design of the gripper ensures a minimal heat loss during handling. The induction coil, the gripper system and the cavity are flooded with inert gas in order to prevent scaling. The sequence control for the production of a part is realised on the controller of the robot which provides sufficient PLC functionality and can be easily equipped with the required I/O components to trigger the different automation components. 相似文献
69.
Joost P. A. Vogels Stephen I. Klink Roel Penterman Henk De Koning Edzer E. A. Huitema Dirk J. Broer 《Journal of the Society for Information Display》2004,12(4):411-416
Abstract— In this article, second‐generation liquid‐crystal displays (LCDs) made by Paintable LCD technology is presented. With this technology, LCDs are manufactured by a sequence of simple coating and UV curing processes. Since the process can be carried out on plastic substrates and the stack of optical layers is only tens of micrometers thick, the resulting LCDs are ultra‐thin and flexible. 相似文献
70.
Walter Michaeli Dirk Opfermann Thomas Kamps 《The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology》2007,33(1-2):206-211
In micro systems technology, the process of micro assembly injection moulding is used for the generation of hybrid micro systems.
With this process, more functions are integrated in less space. In the field of medical technology, miniaturisation also means
new methods of treatment with fewer side effects on the patient. New cures are developed by the miniaturisation of medical
instruments, such as keyhole surgery. For detailed investigations a specific demonstration was developed to display the potential
of micro assembly injection moulding in medical science. This part consists of a carbon-fibre reinforced PEEK puncture needle,
which incorporates three lumens. The selected materials allow use of the needle during magnetic resonance imaging. In order
to attach additional equipment a plastic connector needs to be overmoulded on the needle. The investigations focus on the
injection moulding process by characterising the influences of temperature, moulding parameters and material combinations
on the resulting bond strength between needle and connector. 相似文献