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11.
12.
Crack onset at a v-notch. Influence of the notch tip radius 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A criterion to predict crack onset at a sharp notch in homogeneous brittle materials has been presented in a previous paper of one of the authors. It is reviewed and improved herein. It fulfils both the energy and the strength criteria and takes an Irwin-like form involving the generalized intensity factor of the singularity governing the elastic behaviour in the vicinity of a notch tip. The prediction agrees fairly well with the experiments although it slightly underestimates the experimental measures. A cause of this discrepancy can be that a small notch tip radius blunts the sharp corner. It is analysed in this paper by means of matched asymptotics involving 2 small parameters: a micro-crack increment length and the notch tip radius. A correction is brought to the initial prediction and a better agreement is obtained with experiments on PMMA notched specimens. Experiments performed on a stiffer material (Alumina/Zirconia) show that it is less sensitive to small notch tip radii. A remaining small discrepancy between experiments and predictions can be due to some non linear behaviour of the materials near the notch tip. In addition, without new developments, the method allows to determine the stress intensity factor at the tip of a short crack emanating from a sharp or a rounded v-notch. 相似文献
13.
The authors present the design and the development of integrated microwave filters using suspended substrate microstrip, a technology that provides many advantages. Through quasi-static approximation the propagation structure has been treated using integral equations solved with the method of moments. Thanks to this tool of analysis and to an accurate synthesis method, a series of bandpass filters have been designed and manufactured. The results presented validate the accuracy of our design method. 相似文献
14.
André Girard Pierre Dominique Lansard Bernard Liau Anne Marie Mongeon Jean Luc Thibault 《电信纪事》1991,46(5-6):335-350
Classical hierarchical routing in telephone networks is extended to a wider class called out-of-chain routing in such a way that some useful properties of hierarchical routing are retained. This new routing pattern offers more potential paths than the fixed hierarchical one and can be introduced as a dynamic routing where the fixed alternate sequences change at some predetermined instants during the day. The effect of this new routing pattern on the network performances is examined. The main topic of this paper is to present heuristic methods used to optimise such routings in large networks. We show on artificial networks that the throughput of a given network can be significantly improved by suitable routing choices. We demonstrate that the integration of routing changes within a multihour dimensioning process is possible but the lack of realistic data does not permit at this time to quantify the value of routing optimization on real networks. 相似文献
15.
16.
Construction of the La Grande Complex in Eastern Canada called for complete or partial diversion of six rivers, the mean annual discharge of which varied from 60 to 1600 m3 s?1, and the transfer of water from two adjoining watersheds (1586m3 s?1) into La Grande Rivière. Three of these rivers with reduced flow, Eastmain (from 700 to 95m3 s?1), Opinaca (from 260 to 35m3 s?1), and Caniapiscau (from 1708 to 960m3 s?1) and the waterways with increased flows, Boyd-Sakami (from 1 to 811m3 s?1) and La Grande Rivière (from 1760 to 3400m3 s?1) were intensively monitored from 1978 to 1988, while the others were surveyed sporadically. Very few modifications were observed, compared to previous conditions, in banks stability, water quality, and aquatic fauna of the affected rivers: those which appeared can be explained by the water level fluctuations, the water quality of the tributaries of the residual drainage basin, and/or by the direct influence of the reservoirs. In James Bay, the areal extent of the Eastmain River and La Grand Rivière plumes varied with discharge in an exponential relation, mostly under ice cover; resources from the coastal environment had not yet undergone any major changes. Because of the very small population dwelling in the area, less than 3000 inhabitants, modifications in the hydrological regime of these rivers did cause relatively few impacts, the main being greater banks instability in specific locations, reduction of the thickness and ice cover on La Grande Rivière, enhancement of navigation constraints on Eastmain River, and higher mercury levels in fish related to operation of the reservoirs. 相似文献
17.
Data reconciliation consists in modifying noisy or unreliable data in order to make them consistent with a mathematical model (herein a material flow network). The conventional approach relies on least-squares minimization. Here, we use a fuzzy set-based approach, replacing Gaussian likelihood functions by fuzzy intervals, and a leximin criterion. We show that the setting of fuzzy sets provides a generalized approach to the choice of estimated values, that is more flexible and less dependent on oftentimes debatable probabilistic justifications. It potentially encompasses interval-based formulations and the least squares method, by choosing appropriate membership functions and aggregation operations. This paper also lays bare the fact that data reconciliation under the fuzzy set approach is viewed as an information fusion problem, as opposed to the statistical tradition which solves an estimation problem. 相似文献
18.
The liver microsomal Δ9 and Δ6 desaturase activities have been studied in rats with carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatitis. Immediately after poisoning,
significant decreases were observed for both types of desaturase activity. However, recovery kinetics were slower for the
Δ6 desaturase than for the Δ9 desaturase. The activities of NADH-ferricyanide and NADH-cytochrome C reductases, proteins involved in the electron transfers
associated with microsomal desaturation, were also measured. There was a fall in both activities after poisoning, but this
decrease was less than that of the desaturase activities. 相似文献
19.
Gruffat D De La Torre A Chardigny JM Durand D Loreau O Sébédio JL Bauchart D 《Lipids》2003,38(2):157-163
Hepatic metabolism of the two main isomers of CLA (9cis-11 trans, 10trans-12cisC18∶2) was compared to that of oleic acid (representative of the main plasma FA) in 16 rats by using the in vitro method of incubated liver slices. Liver tissue samples were incubated at 37°C for 17h under an atmosphere of 95% O2/5%CO2 in a medium supplemented with 0.75 mM of FA mixture (representative of circulating nonesterified FA) and with 55 μM [1-14C]9cis-11 trans C18∶2, [1-14C]10trans-12cis C18∶2, or [1-14C]oleate. The uptake of CLA by hepatocytes was similar for both isomers (9%) and was three times higher (P<0.01) than for oleate (2.6%). The rate of CLA isomer oxidation was two times higher (49 and 40% of incorporated amounts of
9cis-11 trans and 10trans-12 cis, respectively) than that of oleate (P<0.01). Total oxidation of oleate and CLA isomers into [14CO2] was low (2 to 7% of total oxidized FA) compared to the partial oxidation (93 to 98%) leading to the production of [14C] acid-soluble products. CLA isoemrs escaping from catabolism were both highly desaturated (26.7 and 26.8%) into conjugated
18∶3. Oleate and CLA isomers were mainly esterified into neutral lipids (30%). They were slowly secreted as parts of VLDL
particles (<0.4% of FA incorporated into cells), the extent of secretion of oleate and of 10trans-12 cis being 2.2-fold higher than that of 9cis-11 trans (P<0.02). In conclusion, this study clearly showed that both CLA isomers were highly catabolized by hepatocytes, reducing their
availability for peripheral tissues. Moreover, more than 25% of CLA escaping from catabolism was converted into conjugated
18∶3, the biological properties of which remain to be elucidated. 相似文献
20.
Gustavo Avolio Dominique M. M.‐P. Schreurs Antonio Raffo Giovanni Crupi Alina Caddemi Giorgio Vannini B. Nauwelaers 《国际射频与微波计算机辅助工程杂志》2014,24(1):109-116
This work presents a straightforward approach aimed at modeling the dynamic I–V characteristics of microwave active solid‐state devices. The drain‐source current generator represents the most significant source of nonlinearity in a transistor and, therefore, its correct modeling is fundamental to predict accurately the current and voltage waveforms under large‐signal operation. The proposed approach relies on using a small set of low‐frequency time‐domain waveform measurements combined with numerical optimization‐based estimation of the nonlinear model parameters. The procedure is applied to a gallium nitride HEMT and silicon FinFET. The effectiveness of the modeling procedure in terms of prediction accuracy and generalization capability is demonstrated by validation of the extracted models under operating conditions different than the ones used for the parameters estimation. Good agreement between measurements and model simulations is achieved for both technologies and in both low‐ and high‐frequency range. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 24:109–116, 2014. 相似文献