新增探明储量增长趋势预测研究

油(气)田储量是勘探开发工作的最终成果,也是油公司的核心资产。根据勘探、开发各个阶段对油(气)藏的认识程度,可将油(气)藏储量划分为探明储量、控制储量和预测储量三级。而油气探明储量增长趋势预测研究是油公司制定合理增加储量与产量、勘探与开发战略的基础。笔者认为,在已获取地质信息的基础上,利用比较科学的方法可以对未来发生的态势进行理性的推测和估计,对某油公司连续5年新增探明储量来源、控制预测储量升级转化、新增探明储量预测方法等方面进行了初步分析研究,得出了令人信服的结果。该方法可供勘探开发、部署决策部门参考。     

催化裂化吸收稳定系统流程的分析与改进

催化裂化吸收稳定系统流程存在解吸气流量过大、吸收系统冷却器循环水出入口温差低、稳定塔顶部液态烃回流偏高等问题。对此笔者提出了取消中间凝缩油罐、解吸塔和稳定塔采用中间再沸器等改进措施。改进后,降低了能耗,增加了效益。     

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油田化学专用技术的核心是各种功能的油田化学药剂和由此形成的多系列的油田化学工作液体系。而油田化学药剂是油气田勘探、开发、生产和输运等过程中必须的化学物质，它的功能和质量直接影响着钻井质量、采收率和油气生产综合开发成本。油田化学药剂的创新离不开油田化学作用机理研究的创新、突破与发展，文章以滤失控制变粘酸酸液体系配方技术、高粘型W/O自动破乳乳化酸酸液体系配方技术、低粘型W/O自动破乳乳化酸酸液体系配方技术、自动防乳破乳胶束酸酸液体系配方技术、无聚合物自转向酸液体系配方技术、EOR采油用疏水缔合聚合物体系配方技术、缓释放技术在油田化学工作液体系配方技术和两性离子聚合物钻井液体系配方技术等方面的油田化学新作用机理研究的创新突破与发现为例，论述了油田化学新作用机理研究与发现对油田化学专用技术创新应用的贡献。     

"双保"型改性天然高分子基钻井液技术

为解决轮古地区井径扩大率偏高、潜山地层顶部界面难于测准等难题,也为同时实现对油气层及环境的保护,研究开发了"双保"型改性天然高分子基钻井液体系,合成了该体系所需处理剂,包括天然高分子包被剂IND30、天然高分子降滤失剂NAT20、无荧光白沥青NFA-25和聚合醇PGCS-1.评价了该体系的基本性能和抗温、抗污染能力,在3口直井和2口水平井中进行了应用试验.应用结果表明,该钻井液性能稳定,流变性独特,粘度和切力低,起下钻畅通,钻头、钻具无泥包现象;井壁稳定,无垮塌、掉块现象;抑制性强,返出钻屑棱角分明,代表性极好,同时具有良好的润滑性;"双保"型改性天然高分子基钻井液性能,不但优于常规聚磺钻井液,而且优于环保A体系,处理剂消耗数量及使用品种大大减少,使分析问题、找原因及维护、处理简单化.该体系单个处理剂EC5o值均大于30000 mg/L,现场井浆EC50值大于100000 mg/L,达到可排放标准;同时渗透率恢复值大干90%,表明其有良好的保护油气层特性;该钻井液所用材料无荧光;体系无油、无腐蚀,设备卫生清洁.     

Towards a European tephrochronological framework for Termination 1 and the Early Holocene

The record of deposition of tephras in Europe and the North Atlantic during the period 18.5-8.0 (14)C ka BP (the Last Termination and Early Holocene) is reviewed. Altogether, 34 tephras originating from four main volcanic provinces (Iceland, the Eifel district, the Massif Central and Italy) have been identified so far in geological sequences spanning this time-interval. Most of the records have been based, until very recently, on observations of visible layers of tephras. Here, we report on the potential for extending the areas over which some of the tephras can be traced by the search for layers of micro-tephra, which are not visible to the naked eye, and on the use of geochemical methods to correlate them with known tephra horizons. This approach has greatly extended the area in Northern Europe over which the Vedde Ash can be traced. The same potential exists in southern Europe, which is demonstrated for the first time by the discovery of a distinct layer of micro-tephra of the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff in a site in the Northern Apennines in Italy, far to the north of the occurrences of visible records of this tephra. The paper closes by considering the potential for developing a robust European tephrostratigraphy to underpin the chronology of records of the Last Termination and Early Holocene, thereby promoting a better understanding of the nature, timing and environmental effects of the abrupt climatic changes that characterized this period.     

Inelastic Scattering in Normal and Superconducting Raman Response

We use the nearly antiferromagnetic Fermi liquid model to illustrate the effect of strongly anisotropic inelastic scattering on the electron Raman response. Both normal and superconducting states are considered, accounting fully for the momentum and frequency dependence of the resulting self-energy. Special attention is paid to the low frequency of the response and an to ³ crossover in B _1g . By analogy to the infrared conductivity case, effective Raman scattering times are extracted, and their temperature and frequency dependences are studied and are compared with equivalent optical quantities. Impurities, within a unitary scattering approximation, are introduced and found to also have a strong characteristic signature on the Raman response.     

Relation of Spin Susceptibility and a.c. Conductivity in Nearly Antiferromagnetic Fermi Liquid

Coupling of the charge carriers through the magnetic spin susceptibility which is strongly peaked at (, ) in the two dimensional CuO ₂ Brillouin zone leads to strong momentum anisotropies and energy dependencies in the inelastic optical scattering rates. The a.c. conductivity is isotropic and can be used to extract an effective, isotropic spin-charge carrier spectral density which reproduces almost exactly the optical scattering rates. The technique is then applied to data in superconducting, optimally doped YBCO and used to measure the charge carrier coupling to the 41 meV peak observed in spin polarized neutron scattering.     

Influence of probenecid and spironolactone on furosemide kinetics and dynamics in man

The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics following administration of furosemide (40 mg intravenously) have been studied before and after treatment with probenecid (0.5 gm orally every 6 hr for 3 days) and spironolactone (200-mg initial oral dose followed by 50 mg every 6 hr for 3 days) in 6 normal male subjects. Urine losses during each study period were replaced with saline-dextrose-KCl intravenously. The study was performed with the use of a Latin-square design. Probenecid pretreatment induced significant reductions in renal clearance of furosemide by 78%, the extrarenal clearance by 56%, and the volume of distribution by 52%. As a consequence, furosemide half-life was increased by 54%. Probenecid significantly reduced the rate of sodium excretion at all plasma concentrations of furosemide, but the ratio between urinary furosemide concentration and urinary sodium concentration was not altered. Since the proportion of furosemide excreted unchanged in the urine was not markedly changed, total diuretic response was not influenced by probenecid. There was no evidence of any pharmacokinetic interaction between spironolactone and furosemide. The relationship of furosemide kinetics to dynamics observed in these studies confirms that, in man, the diuretic response is determined by drug that reaches the renal tubule rather than the drug level in plasma.     

从混联法生产中提取镓的研究

针对联合法厂家资源的分布特点,提出采用化学法和树脂吸附法相结合的方式实现同时回收烧结法和拜尔法循环母液中镓的新工艺,并通过小试和扩试结果分析,阐述了该工艺的可行性。     

重载变电站的电容器组配置

重载变电站无功缺额问题比较普遍,典型设计中所确定的尢功补偿方式不满足降损与调压的要求。因此,通过计算末端重载变电站随负倚的变化对无功的需求,分析对母线电压的影响和经济效益,提出提高补偿率、分组补偿的方法。