Spark Plasma Sintering of Nanostructured Aluminum: Influence of Tooling Material on Microstructure

The influence of tooling material, i.e., graphite and WC-Co, on the microstructure of a spark plasma sintering (SPS) consolidated, nanostructured aluminum alloy is studied in this paper. The results show that tooling selection influences microstructure evolution, independent of process parameters. The influence of tooling on microstructure is rationalized on the basis of the following factors: heating rate, electrical current density, localized heating, and imposed pressure. A theoretic framework, based on the physical properties of graphite and WC-Co, is formulated to explain the observed behavior.     

Investigation of the stereodefect distribution and conformational behavior of isotactic polypropylene polymerized with different Ziegler–Natta catalysts

Two isotactic polypropylene (iPP) samples (PP-A and PP-B) were obtained by utilizing two different heterogeneous Ziegler–Natta catalysts in a given polymerization system. The molecular structure and conformational behavior of the samples were studied. The results of determination of xylene soluble material (XS) and ¹³C NMR showed that the average isotacticity of the samples were nearly same. However, the results of high-resolution high-temperature ¹³C NMR (HRHT ¹³C NMR) and successive self-nucleation and annealing (SSA) fractionation revealed that the amount of high isotacticity of PP-B was lower than that of PP-A, and the amount of relative medium and low isotacticity of PP-B was higher than PP-A, indicating that the stereodefect distribution of PP-B was more uniform than PP-A. The calculation of average meso sequence length from SSA was found to be in good agreement with that calculated from the results of HRHT ¹³C NMR. Moreover, Fourier transformation infrared was utilized to study the influence of stereodefect distribution on the conformational behavior of iPP. The result suggested that the molecular conformation of the PP-B was more disordered than PP-A, the regularity of molecular structure for PP-B was lower than that of PP-A. The related action mechanism and the influences of which on crystallization behavior were discussed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

基于样本熵的电网电压稳定性能分析

为了分析电网中电压稳定的薄弱节点,提出一种基于幅值序列波动强度和样本熵的电压稳定性能分析方法。首先通过电力系统仿真软件得到电网电压波动的幅值信息,然后依据各负荷节点电压幅值波动序列的波动强度数值,选取进行电压稳定性能分析的最佳序列长度,在此基础上利用动力学中的平坦因子理论提取了每个时段的电压幅值平坦因子,由此构造了一种利用样本熵理论确定电网中电压薄弱节点的方法。最后以某年山东电网冬季运行方式潮流数据为断面,利用传统电压分析理论(如戴维南等值法、连续潮流法)验证所提方法的有效性,为电网的运行与规划提供有益参考。     

爆破对邻近巷道背爆侧倾斜裂纹影响实验研究

基于常被忽略的爆炸荷载对邻近巷道背爆侧围岩缺陷的扰动问题,采用爆炸加载数字激光动态焦散线试验系统,探究了爆炸荷载作用下邻近巷道背爆侧不同倾角裂纹缺陷的扩展规律。试验结果表明:爆炸荷载作用下,直墙拱形巷道背爆侧倾角θ=30o(逆时针方向为正)的预制裂纹最终扩展位移最大,之后随着倾角增大或者减小,裂纹扩展位移均逐渐减小;弧形断面对应力波的削弱作用小于矩形断面,这导致斜向上预制裂纹扩展位移为关于水平方向对称的斜向下裂纹的2~3倍;能量释放率对裂纹的扩展具有驱动效应,且其随时间基本呈现先振荡增加达到峰值,然后振荡减小为零的规律,但这种振荡幅度随裂纹最终扩展位移的减小而变小。上述的研究为邻近巷道背爆侧经济安全合理的支护提供了理论依据。     

给排水在室外设计的注意要点

室外给排水的设计是建筑工程的重点之一,其设计要依据室外给排水设计规范、消防规范、小区给排水规范和给排水设计手册等相关的规范来进行。本文通过对室外给排水设计经验的总结,提出了一些给排水设计的注意要点。     

浅谈环境认证和电线电缆的发展

文章主要介绍了电线电缆的环境认证标准及绿色电线电缆的发展及应用。     

重庆某矿开采过程中岩层移动的分形特征及其预测

用分形插值方法分析重庆某矿开采过程中的岩层移动特征，并探讨其预测方法。实测岩层下沉量和水平移动量的非线性统计分析表明，下沉量和水平移动量等岩层移动特征值具有统计分形特征。下沉量和水平移动量的分形插值拟合曲线与实测岩移数据吻合较好。     

磷酸镁涂层高温后力学性能研究

磷酸镁涂层是一种新型、耐高温无机防火材料,同时,也是一种性能优异的工业钢结构无机防腐蚀材料。本文重点关注磷酸镁涂层在高温作用后的力学性能,通过试验系统研究了磷酸镁涂层在高温(100 ℃、200 ℃、300 ℃、400 ℃、500 ℃、700 ℃、900 ℃)作用后硬度、粘结强度等力学性能的变化,以及力学性能变化的微观机理。结果表明,高温后的磷酸镁涂层具有较好的完整性,表观无粉化、起泡、剥落和开裂等缺陷出现。相较于常温,高温后的磷酸镁涂层力学性能略有下降,其中300 ℃高温后的涂层粘结强度最低,且硬度下降最显著。此后随着温度升高,涂层力学性能有不同程度的提高。基于不同温度下微观表征和热重分析,揭示了造成磷酸镁涂层高温力学性能变化的四阶段高温演化机理。     

橄榄二酯油烘焙苏打饼干中3-氯丙醇酯、缩水甘油酯产生规律及其质构分析

以橄榄甘油二酯油为原料,制作苏打饼干,考察甘油二酯（diglycerides,DAG）含量、烘焙温度、盐添加量、烘焙时间对饼干中3-氯丙醇酯（3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters,3-MCPDE）和缩水甘油酯（glycidyl esters,GE）及饼干硬度和黏度的影响。结果表明,苏打饼干中3-MCPDE和GE的最高含量分别为1.05 mg/kg和0.37 mg/kg,且烘焙过程中3-MCPDE含量与烘焙温度和盐添加量呈正相关,在170℃以上时GE含量随烘焙温度升高而增加。但烘焙时间和DAG质量分数对3-MCPDE和GE的产生无显著影响（P>0.05）。综上,橄榄甘油二酯油应用于烘焙苏打饼干具有良好的安全性和改善产品质构的效果,同时控制烘焙温度和盐添加量能在一定程度降低苏打饼干中3-MCPDE和GE的含量。     

一种新的共享密钥安全协议设计方法

为了设计出具有高安全性的安全协议,提出了一种面向主体的逻辑,可以形式化和系统地设计共享密钥安全协议;根据可以提供的不同安全服务,将密码机制抽象为不同信道,这样在设计安全协议时不必考虑密码机制的实现细节;提出安全协议的转发设计规则,将设计规则作为预防攻击的有效措施;运用该逻辑和设计规则设计了一种新的共享密钥安全协议,该协议能达到相互身份认证和密钥分发目的,并能预防与设计规则相对应的攻击。