Synthesis and characterization of La2Ti2O7 employed for photocatalytic degradation of reactive red 22 dyestuff in aqueous solution

Perovskite structured La₂Ti₂O₇ catalyst prepared by polymerized complex method was characterized and examined the photocatalytic activity by decomposing an azo dyestuff, Reactive Red 22, in aqueous solutions under UV irradiation. La₂Ti₂O₇ powders prepared by polymerized complex method exhibit higher surface areas, better homogeneity and are more sensitive to solution than those prepared by solid-state method. The first derivatives of UV–vis DRS patterns confirmed the complete crystallization of La₂Ti₂O₇ sintered at temperatures higher than 900 °C. The effects of sintering temperature of catalyst and solution pH of photocatalytic reaction were studied. The photocatalytic decomposition of Reactive Red 22 per unit surface area was found to be higher for experiments using La₂Ti₂O₇ than using TiO₂. However, the electron–hole recombination was found to be more obvious for La₂Ti₂O₇ than for TiO₂ because the network of metal cations constructed within La₂Ti₂O₇ enhances the mobility of photogenerated electrons and holes.     

Multifinality in implicit choice.

This research examines the possibility that people's choices in the service of an explicit focal goal may also reflect their tendency to fulfill implicit background goals and in that sense are multifinal. We carried out 5 experimental studies to investigate this notion. In Experiment 1, a primed implicit goal affected individuals' choices even when those avowedly served an explicit “focal” goal. Experiment 2 replicated this finding with a different type of implicit goals. Experiment 3 found that primed implicit goals had no effect on choices where the options that served them undermined the explicit goal. Experiment 4 found that a primed implicit goal served by a multifinal option does not privilege it over a unifinal option if that goal had been already attained by a different means. Finally, Experiment 5, via 3 types of control groups, showed that choices were affected by both the explicit and implicit goals in isolation, and they shifted toward multifinality when these goals were conjointly present. The discussion considers the integrative potential of the multifinality framework and its implications for a variety of phenomena in the domain of motivated cognition. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Analysis of PLR for Shared Switch Fabrics

A modular upgrade design for packet transport switch nodes is presented where packet loss is dramatically reduced by intra‐module and inter‐module buffer sharing. This modular design offers significant cost and power reduction in a high‐data‐rate system where buffers are highly costly and power‐greedy.     

Intact and impaired mechanisms of action understanding in autism.

Typically developing children understand and predict others' behavior by extracting and processing relevant information such as the logic of their actions within the situational constraints and the intentions conveyed by their gaze direction and emotional expressions. Children with autism have difficulties understanding and predicting others' actions. With the use of eye tracking and behavioral measures, we investigated action understanding mechanisms used by 18 children with autism and a well-matched group of 18 typically developing children. Results showed that children with autism (a) consider situational constraints in order to understand the logic of an agent's action and (b) show typical usage of the agent's emotional expressions to infer his or her intentions. We found (c) subtle atypicalities in the way children with autism respond to an agent's direct gaze and (d) marked impairments in their ability to attend to and interpret referential cues such as a head turn for understanding an agent's intentions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)