Lysosomal proteinases in muscle tissue and leukocytes of meat animals

Carboxypeptidases A and B, cathepsins B, D and E, dipeptidyl aminopeptidase 1 and collagenase were extracted from bovine and porcine leukocyte lysosomes and diaphragm muscle lysosomes with 4% n-butyl alcohol in dry ice and various chemical properties were studied. The enzymes were classified by their specific activities with different substrates, pH optima, energies of activation and the influence of inhibitors and stimulators. Cathepsins D and E were the most active proteases studied and all enzymes were more active in leukocytes than in sediments from muscle tissue. The properties of these enzymes, compared with enzymes from other sources, and their possible involvement in meat tenderness are discussed.     

An intrinsic dimensionality estimator from near-neighbor information

The intrinsic dimensionality of a set of patterns is important in determining an appropriate number of features for representing the data and whether a reasonable two- or three-dimensional representation of the data exists. We propose an intuitively appealing, noniterative estimator for intrinsic dimensionality which is based on nearneighbor information. We give plausible arguments supporting the consistency of this estimator. The method works well in identifying the true dimensionality for a variety of artificial data sets and is fairly insensitive to the number of samples and to the algorithmic parameters. Comparisons between this new method and the global eigenvalue approach demonstrate the utility of our estimator.     

设计与制造之间的界面优化

分辨率增强技术（RET）设计流程中聚集了各式各样的点工具和方法。当前对深亚波长可制造性（DFM）设计的要求迫使设计与制造行业必须建立十分密切的合作关系。同时也促使EDA行业提供一种平台，以促进这些行业间的密切交流。合理利用这一平台将会对产能和品质产生直接的影响。     

Development of a Virtual Reality Structural Analysis System

This paper discusses the development of virtual structural analysis program (VSAP). This is a virtual environment (VE) based structural analysis system developed through a collaborative effort between the School of Architecture + Design and the Department of Computer Science at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State Univ. (Virginia Tech). The VSAP was developed by linking a visualization routine using the simple VE library and a structural analysis software, the PC-SAP4. Details of the design of four user interfaces for the VSAP are presented. These user interfaces are: the immersive pen and tablet interface, the desktop interface, the portable immersive interface, and the cave automatic VE immersive interface. Usability studies for each interface were conducted. Results of these studies indicated that the users of VSAP were highly satisfied with the experience. In addition, all the developed interfaces were found to be successful for their specific application.     

Involvement of Ventral Pallidum in Prefrontal Cortex-Dependent Aspects of Spatial Working Memory.

Ventral pallidum (VP) is an important source of limbic input to medial thalamus. Three studies examined the role of VP in spatial memory tasks impaired by medial thalamic lesions. In the 1st study, rats with VP lesions were impaired performing delayed matching trained with retractable levers (DMRL), a measure sensitive to prefrontal (but not hippocampal) damage. The 2nd study demonstrated dose-dependent DMRL impairment following microinjection of gamma-aminobutyric acidA, glutamate, or mu-opioid agonists in VP. In the 3rd study, VP lesions had no effect on varying choice radial-maze delayed nonmatching, a measure sensitive to hippocampal (but not prefrontal) lesions. These results suggest a common role in spatial memory for VP and other components of prefrontal-ventral striatopallidothalamic circuits distinct from hippocampal function. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Fracture Resistance of a Cracked Concrete Beam Post-strengthened with FRP Sheets

Fibre-reinforced plastic (FRP) composites have been increasingly used in rehabilitation and strengthening of concrete structures. Significant increases in stiffness and strength have been achieved by applying this technique. However, there is concern about the ductility or toughness performance of FRP/concrete hybrid structures, which is critical in the application of this technology. This paper presents a new theoretical method to predict the fracture resistance behaviour of FRP post-strengthened concrete flexural beams. No slip between the FRP and plain concrete matrix is assumed and Mode I fracture propagation is considered. The model is valid for a wide range of span-to-depth ratios and any crack length. The influence of the bridging stresses provided by the fracture process zone (FPZ) at the tip of a fictitious fracture is examined. The effect of various material and geometric parameters on the resistance curve and toughness of the hybrid structure is discussed, based on the numerical results from the developed theoretical formulae. The results provide a useful insight into the strengthening/toughening and the design of FRP sheet/concrete beam structures.     

Grounding and ground fault protection of multiple generator installations on medium-voltage industrial and commercial power systems - Part 4: Conclusion and Bibliography Working Group Report

This paper discusses typical grounding practices and ground fault protection methods for medium-voltage generator stators, highlighting their merits and drawbacks. Particular attention is given to applications of multiple generators connected to a single bus. The paper also provides an overview of the generator damage mechanism during stator ground faults. Problem areas associated with each type of grounding are identified and solutions are discussed. The paper also provides a list of references on the topic. The paper is intended as a guide to aid engineers in selecting adequate grounding and ground fault protection schemes for medium-voltage industrial and commercial generators for new installations, for evaluating existing systems, and for future expansion of facilities, to minimize generator damage from stator ground faults. These topics are presented in four separate parts, Parts 1-4. Part 1 covers scope, introduction, user examples of stator ground failure, and theoretical basis for the problem. Part 2 discusses various grounding methods used in industrial applications. Part 3 describes protection methods for the various types of grounding and Part 4 provides a conclusion and bibliography of additional resource material.     

Thermal stability of hafnium silicate dielectric films deposited by a dual source liquid injection MOCVD

The hafnium and silicon precursors, Hf(NMe₂)₄ and Bu^tMe₂SiOH, have been investigated for the MOCVD of high-κ hafnium silicate, (HfO₂)_1–x –(SiO₂) _x films for gate dielectric applications. Control of the silica concentration in the hafnium silicate can be achieved by varying the relative precursor ratios up to a saturation level of 35–40% SiO₂. The thermal stability of the resulting hafnium silicate films in air has been investigated using medium energy ion scattering. Internal oxidation of the underlying silicon substrate is discernable when the films are annealed in dry air for 15 min over the temperature range 800–1000 °C.     

Comparison of the wear resistance of various grades of cemented carbides that may find application in wood machining

A laboratory test is described in which specimens of rectangular cemented carbide tool inserts of a standard size are allowed to slide against a rapidly rotating fiberboard disc in either the presence or the absence of a mist spray of a dilute organic acid (tannic acid or acetic acid) to simulate the cutting of green wood and cured wood respectively. It is shown that the worn surfaces of cemented carbide tools used in (field) service are remarkably similar to the worn surfaces of specimens used in the laboratory (simulation) tests.Extensive results are presented that show quantitatively the progressive wear of a wide range of cemented carbides as a function of time for sliding under wet and dry conditions. It is shown that wear depends on the type and amount of binder present in the cemented carbide and on the nature of the environment. Materials with Co-Cr and Ni-Cr binders containing significant amounts of chromium showed the greatest resistance to wear.     

Surface damage during machining of annealed 18% nickel maraging steel Part 1 — Unlubricated conditions

The effect of cutting speed and tool wear land length on the surface damage produced during the machining of annealed 18% nickel maraging steel under dry orthogonal conditions was determined. Machined test pieces were examined with a scanning electron microscope and an optical microscope. Surface roughness was determined with a profilometer.The results of the investigation show that during machining a wide variety of different forms of surface damage is generated. The machined surfaces show extended regions where both coarse and fine scale surface damage have occurred at cutting speeds up to 0.1 m s^?1, whereas at cutting speeds greater than 0.1 m s^?1 the surfaces show evidence only of fine scale surface damage. It is suggested that the regions of coarse scale surface damage are associated with the phenomenon of partially discontinuous chip formation and the nucleation of cracks in the vicinity of the tool nose region. Several mechanisms of crack nucleation and propagation, which are thought to account for the occurrence of many aspects of the surface topography observed, are presented and discussed. It is suggested also that the regions of fine scale surface damage are associated with the phenomenon of continuous chip formation and interaction between the tool nose region and the freshly machined workpiece surface.It is shown that scanning electron microscopy is more indicative of the true condition of the surface than surface roughness measurements.