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排序方式: 共有271条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
To date, all published confirmations of the Pygmalion hypothesis among adults have involved men. The few studies among women have had methodological ambiguities. The authors conducted 2 experiments in the Israel Defense Forces to test the Pygmalion hypothesis among women. In both studies, the leaders were led to believe that the trainees randomly assigned to the Pygmalion condition had higher than usual potential. Experiment 1 tested the Pygmalion hypothesis among female officer cadets led by women. Although the treatment did raise expectations, none of the performance measures and none of the mediators or the moderators evidenced any expectancy effects. Experiment 2 tested the Pygmalion hypothesis among women and men taking the same course in gender-segregated platoons. The Pygmalion hypothesis was confirmed among men led by a man and among women led by a man but not among women led by a woman. The authors concluded that the Pygmalion effect can be produced among women but perhaps not by women. Pygmalion research among women leading men is now needed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
92.
This study focuses on daily work events as proximal stimuli for discrete emotional reactions and suggests that availability of energy resources required for coping with goal-disruptive events, or for capitalizing on new opportunities offered by goal-enhancing events, influences intensity of emotional reactions. Using experience-sampling methodology with a sample of hospital residents, it is shown that negative emotion and fatigue following disruptive events are intensified when only limited energy resources are available due to current workload. However, positive emotions, promoted by goal-enhancing events, are mitigated due to inability to capitalize on new opportunities or challenges. Aftereffects of work events reveal that the energizing effect of goal-enhancing events mitigates end-of-day fatigue and negative emotion on high-workload days, although the effect of disruptive events is diminished by the end of such days, apparently because of lesser conspicuity against a background of high workload. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
93.
A compact model II fracture specimen was previously analyzed and employed to determine the mode II fracture toughness K
IIc
, of perspex. In employing this specimen for a more ductile material such as aluminium, it was observed that the load vs. crack sliding displacement record becomes nonlinear for small loads. Thus, concepts of linear elastic fracture mechanics cannot be employed. To this end, the specimen was calibrated for J-integral testing, so that J
IIc
mesurements can be performed.In this study, mode I and II tests are carried out on an aircraft aluminium alloy, AI 7075-T7351. First, standard K
Ic
tests are performed leading to a value of 27.9 15-1 which would be equivalent to a J
Ic
of 10.7 kN/m. Then standard J
Ic
tests are carried out on this material with specimen thicknesses, of 5, 7.5 and 9.9 mm, leading to an average J
Ic
value of 10.5 kN/m. Methods for J
II testing are proposed; a series of specimens of six thicknesses between 5 and 16 mm are employed for testing. An average J
IIc
value was found to be 40.2 kN/m which yields a K
IIc
value of 54.1 15-2. Thus, K
IIc
is seen to be approximately twice that of K
Ic
for this material. 相似文献
94.
TRIANGULATOR comprises two Microsoft Excel spreadsheets for processing relative bearing data from an electronic total station. Program XYZ converts bearings to positions. It determines x, y, z coordinates of points from relative bearings from two base stations of known relative position. Program LINES uses the output of XYZ. It converts the x, y, z coordinates of three points into the equation of a plane, yielding strike and dip of that plane. Then it uses bearings from one base station to points on a cliff face, and calculates their x′, z′ coordinates for either direct measurement of features, or determination of the scale of a photograph. An example demonstrates the application of the program to scale the photograph of an exfoliation fracture. 相似文献
95.
Dov Te'Eni 《Behaviour & Information Technology》1991,10(5):373-382
Well-designed feedback can improve decision-making, but to date, there has been no comprehensive study of feedback in decision support systems that could guide developers in its design. This work examines the opportunities and means to enhance the user's consistency in implementing a decision strategy (a plan for making the decision) by providing appropriate feedback. It concentrates on the specificity of feedback. Feedback is said to be specific if it provides details about the decision-making process that help correct the process; feedback is non-specific if it merely reports outcome without indicating what caused it. The paper builds on concepts from cognitive engineering, behavioural decision-making, and systems design to examine how computer-generated feedback enhances the user's decision consistency, and reports on a laboratory experiment. Specific feedback is found to be effective in enhancing decision consistency, but its impact its compromised by the presence of additional non-specific feedback. 相似文献
96.
E. Pajot-Augy L. Bokobza L. Monnerie A. Castellan H. Bouas-Laurent C. Millet 《Polymer》1983,24(1):117-120
Intramolecular excimer formation of 10,10′-diphenyl-bs-9-anthrylmethyloxide (diphant) in bulk poly(dimethylsiloxanes) has been investigated from ?40°C to 160°C. The excimer/monomer fluorescence ratio, as well as the activation energy for excimer formation appear to be independent of host matrix molecular weight. The results are consistent with high local mobility of the macromolecular chains. 相似文献
97.
Past Pygmalion research has been susceptible to interpersonal contrast effects, rendering it uncertain whether raising managers' expectations toward subordinates can improve performance without reference to control Ss in the same group. Twenty-nine platoons in the Israel Defense Forces were randomly assigned to Pygmalion or control conditions to test the hypothesis that raising manager expectations boosts performance without contrast effects. Leaders of the Pygmalion platoons were informed that their subordinates on average had unusually high command potential. Platoon-level analysis of performance showed that Pygmalion platoons significantly outscored control platoons, confirming the Pygmalion hypothesis. Manager expectation effects are not dependent on interpersonal contrast effects; in addition, the Pygmalion approach appears well suited to applications involving whole groups. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
98.
99.
Subjective well-being (SWB) is evaluation of life in terms of satisfaction and balance between positive and negative affect; psychological well-being (PWB) entails perception of engagement with existential challenges of life. The authors hypothesized that these research streams are conceptually related but empirically distinct and that combinations of them relate differentially to sociodemographics and personality. Data are from a national sample of 3,032 Americans aged 25-74. Factor analyses confirmed the related-but-distinct status of SWB and PWB. The probability of optimal well-being (high SWB and PWB) increased as age, education, extraversion, and conscientiousness increased and as neuroticism decreased. Compared with adults with higher SWB than PWB, adults with higher PWB than SWB were younger, had more education, and showed more openness to experience. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
100.