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301.
Application-level performance is a key to the adoption and success of the CDMA 2000. To predict this performance in advance,
a detailed end-to-end simulation model of a CDMA network is built to include application traffic characteristics, network
architecture, network element details using the proposed simulation methodology. We assess the user-perceived application
performance when a RAN and a CN adopt different transport architectures such as ATM and IP. To evaluate the user-perceived
quality of voice service, we compare the end-to-end packet delay for different vocoder schemes such as G.711, G.726 (PCM),
G.726 (ADPCM), and vocoder bypass scheme. By the simulation results, the vocoder bypass scenario shows 30% performance improvement
over the others. We also compare the quality of voice service with and without DPS scheduling scheme. We know that DPS scheme
keep the voice delay bound even if the service traffic is high. For data packet performance, HTTP v.1.1 shows better performance
than that of HTTP v.1.0 due to the pipelining and TCP persistent connection. We may conclude that IP transport technology
is better solution for higher FER environment since the packet overhead of IP is smaller than that of ATM for web browsing
data traffic, while it shows opposite effect to the small size voice packet in RAN architecture. We show that the 3G-1X EV-DO
system gives much better packet delay performance than 3G-1X RTT. The main conclusion is that end-to-end application-level
performance is affected by various elements and layers of the network and thus it must be considered in all phases of the
development process.
Jae-Hyun Kim He received the B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees, all in computer science and engineering, from Hanyang University, Ansan, Korea,
in 1991, 1993, and 1996 respectively. In 1996, he was with the Communication Research Laboratory, Tokyo, Japan, as a Visiting
Scholar. From April 1997 to October 1998, he was a post-doctoral fellow at the department of electrical engineering, University
of California, Los Angeles. From November 1998 to February 2003, he worked as a member of technical staff in Performance Modeling
and QoS management department, Bell laboratories, Lucent Technologies, Holmdel, NJ. He has been with the department of electrical
engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea, as an assistant professor since 2003. His research interests include QoS issues
and cross layer optimization for high-speed wireless communication. Dr. Kim was the recipient of the LGIC Thesis Prize and
Samsung Human-Tech Thesis Prize in 1993 and 1997, respectively. He is a member of the Korean Institute of Communication Sciences
(KICS), Korea Institute of Telematics and Electronis (KITE), Korea Information Science Society (KISS), and IEEE.
Hyun-Jin Lee received the B.S. degree in electrical engineering from Ajou University, Suwon, Korea, in 2004, and is working toward the
M.S. degree and Ph. D. degree in electrical engineering at Ajou University. He has been awarded Samsung Human-Tech Thesis
Prize in 2004. His research interests QoS, especially network optimization and wireless packet scheduling. He is a member
of the KICS.
Sung-Min Oh received the B.S. and M. S. degrees in electrical engineering form Ajou University, Suwon, Korea, in 2004, and is working
toward the Ph. D. degree in electrical engineering at Ajou University. His research interests QoS performance analysis and
4G network. He is a member of the KICS.
Sung-Hyun Cho received his B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. in computer science and engineering from Hanyang University, Korea, in 1995, 1997, and
2001, respectively. From 2001 to 2005, he has been with Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, where he has been engaged
in the design and standardization of MAC and upper layers of B3G, IEEE 802.16e, and WiBro systems. He is currently a MAC part
leader in the telecommunication R&D center of Samsung Electronics. His research interests include 4G air interface design,
radio resource management, cross layer design, and handoff in wireless systems. 相似文献
302.
Is there a direct relationship between oral astringency and human salivary protein binding? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
For decades, it is believed that astringency is due to the polyphenol-induced complexation of proline-rich salivary proteins
in the oral cavity. In order to compare for the first time the human sensory threshold concentrations and the salivary protein
binding activity of a series of astringent stimuli, human saliva protein was incubated for 5 min at 37 °C in the presence
of astringent food-derived compounds and, after micro-centrifugation, the amount of the target molecules in the supernatant
was quantitatively determined by HPLC-UV/Vis. Significant protein binding was observed for (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate,
(−)-gallocatechin-3-gallate, (+)-gallocatechin, and (−)-catechin-3-gallate, all of which containing at least one galloyl moiety
in the molecule and exhibiting rather high sensory thresholds of more than 200 μmol/L. In comparison, (+)-catechin and procyanidin
B2, both lacking in any galloyl function, showed only comparatively low binding activity and, most interestingly, quercetin-3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-d-glucopyranoside and 3-carboxymethyl-indole-1-N-β-d-glucopyranoside did not show any protein binding at all, although the later N- and O-glycosides exhibited extraordinarily low sensory threshold concentrations of less than 0.001 and 0.0003 μmol/L, respectively.
The data give some first evidence that the quantity of the non-bound, “free” astringent stimulus in the saliva liquid might
be more closely related to the sensory perception of astringency than the amount complexed or precipitated by proteins. It
is therefore questionable as to whether oral perception of astringency is related to the complexation and/or precipitation
of salivary proteins. 相似文献
303.
Jatuporn Wittayakun Pongtanawat Khemthong Sanchai Prayoonpokarach 《Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering》2008,25(4):861-864
Rice husk silica (RHS) in amorphous phase with 98% purity was prepared from a waste rice husk from rice milling by leaching
with hydrochloric acid and calcination. The RHS was used effectively as a silica source for the synthesis of zeolite Y in
sodium form (NaY). The zeolite in pure phase was obtained from a two-step synthetic route in which the starting gels were
mixed, aged for 24 h at room temperature and crystallized for 24 h at 90 °C. The diameter of single crystal particles from
a scanning electron microscope was approximately 1.0 μm, whereas the average particle diameter from laser diffraction particle
size analyzer was approximately 10 μm because of the agglomeration of small crystals. Longer crystallization time in this
route resulted in a mixed phase containing NaY and zeolite P in sodium form (NaP). In addition, a one-step synthetic route
(no aging) was studied and the product was also a mixed phase zeolite. 相似文献
304.
A novel method for the fabrication of highly ordered nanopore arrays with very small diameter of 14 nm was demonstrated by
using low-temperature anodization. Two-step anodization was carried out at 25 V, sulfuric acid concentration of 0.3 M, and
electrolyte temperature of −15 °C. After anodization, a regular pore array with mean diameter of 14 nm and interpore distance
of 65 nm was formed. The pore diameter and regular arrangement were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fast
Fourier transformation (FFT), respectively. The present results strongly suggest that the diameter of pores in a highly ordered
alumina template can be reduced by lowering the anodization temperature. 相似文献
305.
In this work, the kinetics and mechanism of free-radical polymerisation of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) using potassium peroxydisulphate
(PDS) as water soluble initiator in the presence of synthesized 1, 4-Bis (tributyl methyl ammonium) benzene dichloride (TBMABDC)
as multi-site phase transfer catalyst (MPTC) was studied. The polymerisation reactions were carried out under inert and unstirred
conditions at constant temperature of 60 ± 1°C in cyclohexane/water biphase media. The role of concentrations of monomer,
initiator, catalyst and volume fraction of aqueous phase, solvent polarity and temperature on the rate of polymerisation (Rp)
was ascertained. The order with respect to monomer and initiator was found to be unity. The order with respect to catalyst
was found to be 0.51. The rate of polymerisation is independent of ionic strength and pH of the medium. However, an increase
in the polarity of solvent has slightly increased the Rp value. Based on the results obtained, a suitable kinetic scheme has
been proposed to account for the experimental observations and its significance discussed. 相似文献
306.
E. E. Zhuk 《Automation and Remote Control》2003,64(1):65-75
Consideration was given to the problem of cluster analysis of observations which are realizations of the autoregression time series that are classified according to the unknown values of the autoregression parameters (coefficients). To solve the problem of classification, constructed were a procedure of cluster analysis in the space of realizations and a cluster procedure in the space of maximum likelihood estimates of the autoregression parameters. Efficiency of the proposed cluster procedures was studied both analytically and experimentally. 相似文献
307.
308.
309.
This paper presents a valve-regulated lead acid (VRLA) battery reserve life estimation scheme. The scheme is adaptive in both type and frequency of involvement. The scheme is based on capacity trending with the support of a number of state-of-health (SOH) indicators. These SOH indicators include accumulated thermal stress, float voltage, and indicators acquired from the start-of-discharge (coup de fouet) region. An implementation test case is given, indicating that the scheme is capable of providing an accurate estimation of reserve life long before the end of life. Furthermore, the estimation accuracy improves as the end of battery life approaches. 相似文献
310.
Thermal treatment applied in association with a biological system allows for a significant reduction in excess sludge production (approximately 50%). In general, heat treatment is described as a sludge disintegration technique. This paper offers a thorough study on the impact of heat treatment, at temperatures below 100 degrees C, on the solubilisation of the sludge COD and its biodegradability. Discontinuous heating experiments were performed on activated and digested sludge. At all temperatures tested the released COD for digested sludge was systematically higher than that for activated sludge (15 and 40%, respectively, at 95 degrees C for 40 min of contact time). For the first 30 min, a 1st order kinetic, with respect to the residual COD, was systematically found. In the range of 40-95 degrees C, digested sludge had a lower activation energy than activated sludge (26 kcal/mol compared to 70-160 kcal/mol). COD solubilisation is thus more positively influenced by temperature in the case of activated sludge. This may be due to the significant difference in the ratio of protein/carbohydrate in digested and activated sludge (1-5 and 0.2-0.7, respectively). The increase in the COD/TKN ratio in the solubilised fraction after thermal treatment of activated sludge suggests a preferential solubilisation of proteins over carbohydrates. Respirometric tests performed on the solubilised COD showed that whatever the sludge origin, only 40-50% of released COD is biodegradable at a conventional hydraulic retention time (i.e., 24 h). Hence, heat treatment would act more through organic matter solubilisation rather than by a biodegradability increase. 相似文献