Chemical characterization of in vivo aged zinc phosphate dental cements

The chemical composition of zinc phosphate dental cements aged in vivo was studied. Twenty-seven samples aged 2 to 43 years were investigated using X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, ³¹P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. Evidence for the presence of zinc oxide, amorphous zinc phosphate, water of hydration and crystalline zinc phosphate tetrahydrate was found. The latter was identified as hopeite; it was present in 92% of the cements studied. No correlation with time concerning either the chemical structure of the components or their relative amounts was found. Zinc phosphate dental cements show very good chemical stability on long-term use.     

Modified refraction-interference method for calculating the geometric and optical parameters of optical waveguides

We describe a ray method for analysis of the geometric and optical characteristics of two-layer fiber optical waveguides. We have analyzed the effect of the polarization of the illuminating beam on the overall pattern of the intensity distribution. We consider the characteristic types of rays for a single-layer and two-layer fiber optical waveguide. We have obtained definitive dependences of the beam intensity for each ray individually. We have developed a program for calculation of the scattering pattern in fiber optical waveguides illuminated by a broad beam. Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 3, pp. 39–42, March, 1996.     

The Bi-Rb (bismuth-rubidium) system

This work was supported by ASM International. Literature searched through 1988. Dr. Pelton is the Alloy Phase Diagram Program Co-Category Editor for binary alkali alloys.     

Reprocessing of Microcrystalline Cellulose Spheres with Low Drug Concentrations

Spherical dosage forms have been reported to be an efficient and effective method for delivering drugs into the body and controlling their dissolution rate. Substantial work has been conducted in these laboratories illustrating the advantages of microcrystalline cellulose-based spheres for these purposes. Through various methodologies, but most routinely the extrusion and marumerization technique, it has been determined by Funck, et al. that not more than 50% drug can be incorporated into a sphere formulation without the addition of other binders.

Because of the nature of the extrusion and marumerization manufacturing process, the type of drug being processed and the resultant particle size requirements of the spheres, the percent of spheres falling outside the desired particle size can range from between 3% and 20%. For this reason and the possibility of operator errors, our objective was to determine the parameters which needed monitoring when reprocessing was necessary.     

Numerical investigation of the convection of heat-emitting liquid reactor materials taking stratification into account

Conclusions The calculations for the different levels of volume heat release showed that the integral heat fluxes at the lateral and top surfaces are virtually independent of the scenario of convective flow. However, the maximum of the heat flux on the lateral surface in the homogeneous case is 1.5–1.6 times higher than the maximum heat flux in the stratified case. This could result in larger mechanical loads on the reactor vessel and therefore more stringent requirements on the cooling of the outer surface of the reactor vessel. Institute of Fast Reactors, Russian Academy of Sciences. Translated from Atomnaya énergiya, Vol. 76, No. 5, pp. 406–411, May, 1994.     

Determination of the intensity of emission of a radioactive contaminant from the ventilation pipes of a nuclear power plant

All-Union Scientific-Research Institute of Nuclear Power Plants NIIP. Translated from Atomnaya énergiya, Vol. 77, No. 5, pp. 392–402, November, 1994.     

Clonal analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes from three patients with advanced neuroblastoma receiving recombinant interleukin-2 and interferon alpha

Cultures of both isolated and conjugated explants from early gastrulae of Bufo arenarum were prepared for a study of the development of ventral mesoderm. Only combinations including components of the deep ventral marginal zone and the animal pole successfully differentiated into blood cells (erythrocytes). Histological studies indicated that, while prospective mesodermal cells constituted the only source of such cells, prospective ectodermal cells provided the necessary stimulus for this kind of differentiation. Differentiated cultures, in which the tracer of cell-lineage fluorescein dextran amine was used to label these components, confirmed the above conclusions. These findings are discussed in the context of current concepts about the formation of mesoderm.