Decolorization of alkaline TNT hydrolysis effluents using UV/H(2)O(2)

Effects of H(2)O(2) dosage (0, 10, 50, 100 and 300 mg/l), reaction pH (11.9, 6.5 and 2.5) and initial color intensity (85, 80 and 60 color unit) on decolorization of alkaline 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) hydrolysis effluents were investigated at a fixed UV strength (40 W/m(2)). Results indicated that UV/H(2)O(2) oxidation could efficiently achieve decolorization and further mineralization. Pseudo first-order decolorization rate constants, k, ranged between 2.9 and 5.4 h(-1) with higher values for lower H(2)O(2) dosage (i.e., 10 mg/l H(2)O(2)) when the decolorization occurred at the reaction pH of 11.9, whereas a faster decolorization was achieved with increase in H(2)O(2) dosage at both pH 6.5 and 2.5, resulting in the values of k as fast as 15.4 and 26.6 h(-1) with 300 mg/l H(2)O(2) at pH 6.5 and 2.5, respectively. Difference in decolorization rates was attributed to the reaction pH rather than to the initial color intensity, resulting from the scavenging of hydroxyl radical by carbonate ion. About 40% of spontaneous mineralization was achieved with addition of 10 mg/l H(2)O(2) at pH 6.5. Efficient decolorization and extension of H(2)O(2) longevity were observed at pH 6.5 conditions. It is recommended that the colored effluents from alkaline TNT hydrolysis be neutralized prior to a decolorization step.     

Flexible active-matrix displays and shift registers based on solution-processed organic transistors

At present, flexible displays are an important focus of research. Further development of large, flexible displays requires a cost-effective manufacturing process for the active-matrix backplane, which contains one transistor per pixel. One way to further reduce costs is to integrate (part of) the display drive circuitry, such as row shift registers, directly on the display substrate. Here, we demonstrate flexible active-matrix monochrome electrophoretic displays based on solution-processed organic transistors on 25-microm-thick polyimide substrates. The displays can be bent to a radius of 1 cm without significant loss in performance. Using the same process flow we prepared row shift registers. With 1,888 transistors, these are the largest organic integrated circuits reported to date. More importantly, the operating frequency of 5 kHz is sufficiently high to allow integration with the display operating at video speed. This work therefore represents a major step towards 'system-on-plastic'.     

从IPv4到IPv6

IP地址的主要性 全球移动通信和数据通信的高速发展与互联网的关系越来越密切.无论是话音、文学、图片或视频等大量信息都将通过互联网传输,这样,引起对IP地址的大量需求.移动电话、PDA(个人数字助理)、各种电气设备都需要有独立的,唯一的IP地址,便于上网,它是接入互联网的每个终端或每个节点的身份标志.     

4G在悄然兴起

根据GSM协会的统计,今年全球约将有40个新的3G(第三代移动通信)W-CDMA系统开始逐步进入市场.与此同时,4G(第四代移动通信)正悄然兴起.例如,日本的公众管理,家庭事务,邮政和电信部已计划在2005年开发4G,并于2010年商用化.韩国也有类似的计划.印度信息技术部于2002年成立了专门的部门,打算用三年的时间研制包括用户终端在内的4G无线标准……此外,由lcatel,Ericsson,Nokia和Siemens等公司组成的全球无线研究论坛(WWRF)于2001年初就开始着手研究制订4G的相关策略,其成员们也承担了相应的课题研究.     

Estimation of anomaly location and size using electrical impedance tomography

We developed a new algorithm that estimates locations and sizes of anomalies in electrically conducting medium based on electrical impedance tomography (EIT) technique. When only the boundary current and voltage measurements are available, it is not practically feasible to reconstruct accurate high-resolution cross-sectional conductivity or resistivity images of a subject. In this paper, we focus our attention on the estimation of locations and sizes of anomalies with different conductivity values compared with the background tissues. We showed the performance of the algorithm from experimental results using a 32-channel EIT system and saline phantom. With about 1.73% measurement error in boundary current-voltage data, we found that the minimal size (area) of the detectable anomaly is about 0.72% of the size (area) of the phantom. Potential applications include the monitoring of impedance related physiological events and bubble detection in two-phase flow. Since this new algorithm requires neither any forward solver nor time-consuming minimization process, it is fast enough for various real-time applications in medicine and nondestructive testing.     

Reconstruction of conductivity and current density images using only one component of magnetic field measurements

Magnetic resonance current density imaging (MRCDI) is to provide current density images of a subject using a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner with a current injection apparatus. The injection current generates a magnetic field that we can measure from MR phase images. We obtain internal current density images from the measured magnetic flux densities via Ampere's law. However, we must rotate the subject to acquire all of the three components of the induced magnetic flux density. This subject rotation is impractical in clinical MRI scanners when the subject is a human body. In this paper, we propose a way to eliminate the requirement of subject rotation by careful mathematical analysis of the MRCDI problem. In our new MRCDI technique, we need to measure only one component of the induced magnetic flux density and reconstruct both cross-sectional conductivity and current density images without any subject rotation.     

LTV钢公司连续退火线的计算机集成制造

计算机集成制造设备是能够在不到１０ｍｉｎ时间内完成优质成品板卷的一个关键设备，该生产过程包括退火、光整冷轧、侧修边剪、检查和准备发货，采用常规的精整设备来完成这一系列生产过程需要１０天时间。     

网络管理的新进展

简要阐述了网络管理的目标、网络管理技术的演进;在电信网络管理（TMN）的框架下的网络管理和新动向;一些针对公司网络的网络管理解决方案。     

Harmonic decomposition in PDE-based denoising technique for magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography

Recent progress in magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography (MREIT) research via simulation and biological tissue phantom studies have shown that conductivity images with higher spatial resolution and accuracy are achievable. In order to apply MREIT to human subjects, one of the important remaining problems to be solved is to reduce the amount of the injection current such that it meets the electrical safety regulations. However, by limiting the amount of the injection current according to the safety regulations, the measured MR data such as the z-component of magnetic flux density Bz in MREIT tend to have low SNR and get usually degraded in their accuracy due to the nonideal data acquisition system of an MR scanner. Furthermore, numerical differentiations of the measured Bz required by the conductivity image reconstruction algorithms tend to further deteriorate the quality and accuracy of the reconstructed conductivity images. In this paper, we propose a denoising technique that incorporates a harmonic decomposition. The harmonic decomposition is especially suitable for MREIT due to the physical characteristics of Bz. It effectively removes systematic and random noises, while preserving important key features in the MR measurements, so that improved conductivity images can be obtained. The simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed denoising technique is effective for MREIT, producing significantly improved quality of conductivity images. The denoising technique will be a valuable tool in MREIT to reduce the amount of the injection current when it is combined with an improved MREIT pulse sequence.