Discriminant validity of well-being measures.

The convergent and discriminant validities of well-being concepts were examined using multitrait-multimethod matrix analyses (D. T. Campbell & D. W. Fiske, 1959) on 3 sets of data. In Study 1, participants completed measures of life satisfaction, positive affect, negative affect, self-esteem, and optimism on 2 occasions 4 weeks apart and also obtained 3 informant ratings. In Study 2, participants completed each of the 5 measures on 2 occasions 2 years apart and collected informant reports at Time 2. In Study 3, participants completed 2 different scales for each of the 5 constructs. Analyses showed that (a) life satisfaction is discriminable from positive and negative affect, (b) positive affect is discriminable from negative affect, (c) life satisfaction is discriminable from optimism and self-esteem, and (d) optimism is separable from trait measures of negative affect. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

On the minimal realization of the gyrator by means of nullors and resistors. II

It is proved that it is impossible to synthesize a gyrator with only two nullors and three resistors. Combining the results obtained in References 1 and 2 and in this paper, we obtain the following necessary and sufficient conditions: a nullor-resistor gyrator realization is minimal if and only if it consists of either two nullors and four resistors or three nullors and two resistors.     

Parallel and adaptive high-resolution direction finding

Recently the new class of so-called subspace methods for high-resolution direction finding has received a great deal of attention in the literature. When a real-time implementation is aimed at, the computational complexity involved is known to represent a serious impediment. In this paper, an ESPRIT-type algorithm is developed, which is fully adaptive and therefore particularly suited for real-time processing. Furthermore, a systolic array is described, which allows the processing of incoming data at a rate which is independent of the problem size. The algorithm is based on orthogonal transformations only. Estimates are computed for the angles of arrival, as well as for the source signals. Our aim is not so much to develop yet another ESPRIT-type algorithm but rather to show that it is indeed possible to develop an algorithm that is fully parallel and adaptive. This is something that has not been done before     

Quantitative determination of the population biological activity of biological sludges used in the activated sludge waste water treatment process

The population biological activity of biological sludges used in the activated sludge waste water treatment process is defined as that minimum amount of biological sludge, still able to reduce in a 21 h contact period, the soluble COD of a waste water by one half the value equivalent to the BOD_5d. This A_mg^BOD50% 21 h value was determined by incubating hundred fold serial dilutions of a biological sludge with a previously sterilized waste water and by plotting the residual soluble COD remaining after a 21 h incubation period vs the sludge dilution. The method allows any given biological sludge to be readily assayed on any given waste water. Biological sludges were found stable for periods up to three months in the frozen state or when stored at 4°C. Lyophilization of biological sludges resulted in a severe loss of population biological activity. Biological sludges of trade waste water treatment plants were followed for periods up to 70 days. A correlation was found between the population biological activity and changes in environmental factors such as reduced N and P nutrient feeding, reduced aeration or changes in pH. Minor changes resulted in a decrease in population biological activity. Drastic changes resulted in a modified shape of the soluble COD vs biological sludge dilution curves, presumably reflecting deep modifications of the waste water-treating biological community.     

Memory for positive versus negative life events: Theories for the differences between happy and unhappy persons.

Three studies examined the following hypotheses for the relation of subjective well-being (SWB) with memory for positive versus negative life events: (1) differences in retrieval mood, (2) the incidence of positive and negative events, (3) the interpretation of events, and (4) frequency of rehearsal. In Studies 1 (n?=?420) and 2 (n?=?94), the partial correlation of retrieval mood with recall, controlling for SWB, was trivial, suggesting that mood had little or no effect on recall. Endorsement frequencies of positive minus negative concrete events and interpretive events on checklists in Studies 2 and 3 each correlated with SWB (ps?     

On the realization of gyrators by nullors and resistors

It is proved that for the realization of a gyrator by nullors and resistors, at least two nullors and at least two resistors are needed. A generalization is the result that any n-port network possessing both an impedance and an admittance matrix and consisting of nullors and resistors must contain at least n resistors. It is conjectured that a realization of a gyrator with only two nullors requires four resistors and a realization of a gyrator with only two resistors requires three nullors.     

Correlation coefficient mapping in fluorescence spectroscopy: tissue classification for cancer detection

Correlation coefficient mapping has been applied to intrinsic fluorescence spectra of colonic tissue for the purpose of cancer diagnosis. Fluorescence emission spectra were collected of 57 colonic tissue sites in a range of 4 physiological conditions: normal (29), hyperplastic (2), adenomatous (5), and cancerous tissues (21). The sample-sample correlation was used to examine the ability of correlation coefficient mapping to determine tissue disease state. The correlation coefficient map indicates two main categories of samples. These categories were found to relate to disease states of the tissue. Sensitivity, selectivity, predictive value positive, and predictive value negative for differentiation between normal tissue and all other categories were all above 92%. This was found to be similar to, or higher than, tissue classification using existing methods of data reduction. Wavelength-wavelength correlation among the samples highlights areas of importance for tissue classification. The two-dimensional correlation map reveals absorption by NADH and hemoglobin in the samples as negative correlation, an effect not obvious from the one-dimensional fluorescence spectra alone. The integrity of tissue was examined in a time series of spectra of a single tissue sample taken after tissue resection. The wavelength-wavelength correlation coefficient map shows the areas of significance for each fluorophore and their relation to each other. NADH displays negative correlation to collagen and FAD, from the absorption of emission or fluorescence resonance energy transfer. The wavelength-wavelength correlation map for the decay set also clearly shows that there are only three fluorophores of importance in the samples, by the well-defined pattern of the map. The sample-sample correlation coefficient map reveals the changes over time and their impact on tissue classification. Correlation coefficient mapping proves to be an effective method for sample classification and cancer detection.     

Wavelength dependence of irreversible photobleaching of dye-doped polymer waveguide materials

We report the irreversible bleaching characteristics of 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-(p-dimethyl aminostyryl)-4H-pyran (DCM) doped into perfluorocyclobutene (PFCB) and a new material known as DH-6 doped into amorphous polycarbonate (APC) by a monochromatic bleaching source. The wavelength dependent rate constants for the irreversible bleaching process are found, and the experimental bleaching characteristics are compared to the theoretical bleaching characteristics determined from a kinetic model of the bleaching process.