Temperature Profiling of Glass by FT-IR Emission Spectroscopy

Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy is utilized to measure the wavelength and temperature-dependent radiative properties of two glass formulations. The information gained is then used with FT-IR measurements of radiance from hot glass to determine temperature gradient profiles through each glass thickness. Temperature profiling of clear Corning Pyrex and green-tinted PPG Solex are presented. The Solex was measured on-line, in situ during production at the industrial kiln. Since a temperature profile (not just bulk average) is obtained, the method offers a better understanding of process conditions for the glass industry.     

The creep and strain rate sensitivity of a high Pb content solder with comparisons to 60Sn/40Pb solder

Creep plays an important role in the mechanical behavior of solder alloys. This paper presents creep and strain rate sensitivity data for a Pb rich solder (92.5Pb, 2.5Ag, 5Sn-Indalloy 151) and compares it to the behavior of near eutectic 60Sn/40Pb solder. The high Pb alloy is used for exposures to higher temperatures than can be withstood by eutectic Sn/Pb solders. The Pb rich solder tested here is less strain rate sensitive than 60Sn/40Pb. There are also differences in the creep behavior.     

The Influence of Processing Variables on the Properties of Flocked Fabrics

The effect of 16 variables of the dc electrostatic flocking process has been investigated in a two-level factorial screening experiment. Properties examined include mass and number of fibers sifted, mass and number of fibers flocked, percent of available fibers flocked, percent of theoretical maximum packing density, and abrasion resistance of flocked fabric. The 16 independent variables included six machine variables (voltage, electrode separation, sifter speed and screen mesh, flocking time, and substrate vibration), three flock variables (fiber type, length, and denier), five adhesive variables (adhesive type, concentration, viscosity, thickness, and drying conditions), ambient humidity, and substrate (polyethylene film and aluminum foil). Only the three flock variables and the voltage were found to influence the properties of the flocked fabric. The quantity of fiber sifted was affected by the fiber denier and length and by the sifter speed, but the sifter speed did not influence the flocked fabric. The packing density of the flock on the fabrics ranged from 0.4 percent of the theoretical maximum (for low denier, long length nylon fiber flocked in a low electric field) to 13 percent (for high denier, short length nylon flocked in a high electric field). Of all the variables studied, fiber length had the greatest effect on the flocking properties; increasing the fiber length decreased the number of fibers sifted, number of fibers flocked, and percent of maximum flock density.     

Condylar chondroma: report of a case

Sixty-two consecutive patients with recurrent traumatic anterior instability of the shoulder were prospectively observed. Thirty patients were observed after arthroscopic stabilization, and 32 were observed after open Bankart repair during a mean follow-up of 36 and 40 months, respectively (range, 24 to 60 months for both groups). To reattach the labrum, the arthroscopic technique used transglenoid sutures and the open technique used bone anchors. Redislocation occurred in two patients (6%) in the open repair group and in five patients (17%) in the arthroscopic repair group. Three of the five patients with redislocations in the arthroscopic repair group underwent reoperation. According to the criteria of Rowe et al., 29 patients (90.6%) who had open repair and 24 patients (80%) who had arthroscopic repair had good-to-excellent results. The patients averaged 90.6 points in the open repair group and 83.1 points in the arthroscopic repair group postoperatively. Little or no limitations in their postoperative sport activities were reported by 30 patients (94%) who underwent open repair and by 25 patients (83%) who had arthroscopic repair. Despite similar patient populations and using arthroscopic examination to select the type of repair in both groups, the results of arthroscopic shoulder stabilization are inferior to those of the classic open Bankart procedure.     

Why Do People Need Self-Esteem? A Theoretical and Empirical Review.

Terror management theory (TMT; J. Greenberg, T. Pyszczynski, & S. Solomon, 1986) posits that people are motivated to pursue positive self-evaluations because self-esteem provides a buffer against the omnipresent potential for anxiety engendered by the uniquely human awareness of mortality. Empirical evidence relevant to the theory is reviewed showing that high levels of self-esteem reduce anxiety and anxiety-related defensive behavior, reminders of one's mortality increase self-esteem striving and defense of self-esteem against threats in a variety of domains, high levels of self-esteem eliminate the effect of reminders of mortality on both self-esteem striving and the accessibility of death-related thoughts, and convincing people of the existence of an afterlife eliminates the effect of mortality salience on self-esteem striving. TMT is compared with other explanations for why people need self-esteem, and a critique of the most prominent of these, sociometer theory, is provided. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Medical grade tubing: Criteria for catheter applications

In 1990 there were approximately 710 million catheter units produced world-wide from a variety of materials. This number is expected to increase 5–7% in 1991. Intravenous catheters are currently being produced from a myriad of materials including polyurethanes, polyvinylchloride, silicone rubber, and Teflon®, to name a few. Along with the ultimate end usage of a catheter, many other performance characteristics must be evaluated. Some of these characteristics are mechanical and physical properties, surface properties, hemocompatibility, biostability, and processability. The Vialon® biomaterial has a tensile strength of 520 kg/cm² which is over 50% higher than the other materials studied. This bioengineered material, which is a member of the broad class of polyurethanes, also gave better hemocompatibility properties, as measured by in vivo platelet deposition. In addition Vialon® is engineered such that the material softens in the body's moisture and heat rendering it biocompatible. The thermoplastic nature of this polymer also allows its ease of processing by such conventional means as thermal extrusion. A comparison of the aforementioned materials against these and other performance criteria was undertaken and will be presented.     

Role of consciousness and accessibility of death-related thoughts in mortality salience effects.

On the basis of terror management theory, research has shown that subtle mortality salience inductions engender increased prejudice, nationalism, and intergroup bias. Study 1 replicated this effect (increased preference for a pro-US author over an anti-US author) and found weaker effects when Ss are led to think more deeply about mortality or about the death of a loved one. Study 2 showed that this effect is not produced by thoughts of non-death-related aversive events. Studies 2 and 3 demonstrated that this effect occurs only if Ss are distracted from mortality salience before assessment of its effects. Study 4 revealed that although the accessibility of death-related thoughts does not increase immediately after mortality salience, it does increase after Ss are distracted from mortality salience. These findings suggest that mortality salience effects are unique to thoughts of death and occur primarily when such thoughts are highly accessible but outside of consciousness. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Untersuchung der rheologischen charakteristiken von lösungen aus polyacrylnitril-polymethylmethacrylat-gemischen in dimethylformamid

The influence of concentration and the conditions of preparations of fiber-forming solutions, containing a mixture of polyacrylonitrile-polymethyl methacrylate in dimethyl-formamide upon the rheological behaviour of the solutions and the rupture length of the films obtained thereof, have been investigated. The method of the “experimental design” was employed for this purpose. It was established that the obtained flow curves are satisfactorily described by the Ostwald model τ = K·γ^η. Regression equations were deduced concerning the influence of the total concentration of the solution, of polymethyl methacrylate in the solution, the agitation time, the speed of stirrer revolution, and the dissolution temperature upon the rheological coefficients K and n and the rupture length of the films. There follows from the analysis of these equations that the governing parameters may be chosen in such a way that K and n decrease, without markedly decreasing the rupture length.