A 400-MHz S/390 microprocessor

A microprocessor implementing IBM S/390 architecture operates in a 10+2 way system at frequencies up to 411 MHz (2.43 ns). The chip is fabricated in a 0.2-μm L_eff CMOS technology with five layers of metal and tungsten local interconnect. The chip size is 17.35 mm×17.30 mm with about 7.8 million transistors. The power supply is 2.5 V and measured power dissipation at 300 MHz is 37 W. The microprocessor features two instruction units (IUs), two fixed point units (FXUs), two floating point units (FPUs), a buffer control element (BCE) with a unified 64-KB L1 cache, and a register unit (RU). The microprocessor dispatches one instruction per cycle. The dual-instruction, fixed, and floating point units are used to check each other to increase reliability and not for improved performance. A phase-locked-loop (PLL) provides a processor clock that runs at 2× the system bus frequency. High-frequency operation was achieved through careful static circuit design and timing optimization, along with limited use of dynamic circuits for highly critical functions, and several different clocking/latching strategies for cycle time reduction. Timing-driven synthesis and placement of the control logic provided the maximum flexibility with minimum turnaround time. Extensive use of self-resetting CMOS (SRCMOS) circuits in the on-chip L1 cache provides a 2.0-ns access time and up to 500 MHz operation     

Cyberstalking: Investigating formal intervention and the role of Corporate Social Responsibility

Context

Online harassment and stalking have been identified with growing accordance as anti-social behaviours, potentially with extreme consequences including indirect or direct physical injury, emotional distress and/or financial loss.

Multiaxial creep–fatigue rules

Within the UK, a comprehensive procedure, called R5, is used to assess the high temperature response of structures. One part of R5 deals with creep–fatigue initiation, and in this paper we describe developments in this part of R5 to cover multiaxial stress states.To assess creep–fatigue, damage is written as the linear sum of fatigue and creep components. Fatigue is assessed using Miner's law with the total endurance split into initiation and growth cycles. Initiation is assessed by entering the curve of initiation cycles vs. strain range using a Tresca equivalent strain range. Growth is assessed by entering the curve of growth cycles vs. strain range using a Rankine equivalent strain range. The number of allowable cycles is obtained by summing the initiation and growth cycles. In this way the problem of defining an equivalent strain range applicable over a range of endurance is avoided.Creep damage is calculated using ductility exhaustion methods. In this paper we address two aspects: first, the effect of multiaxial stress on creep ductility; secondly, the nature of stress relaxation and, hence, accumulated creep strain in multiaxial stress fields.     

Glissando: a corpus for multidisciplinary prosodic studies in Spanish and Catalan

Literature review on prosody reveals the lack of corpora for prosodic studies in Catalan and Spanish. In this paper, we present a corpus intended to fill this gap. The corpus comprises two distinct data-sets, a news subcorpus and a dialogue subcorpus, the latter containing either conversational or task-oriented speech. More than 25 h were recorded by twenty eight speakers per language. Among these speakers, eight were professional (four radio news broadcasters and four advertising actors). The entire material presented here has been transcribed, aligned with the acoustic signal and prosodically annotated. Two major objectives have guided the design of this project: (i) to offer a wide coverage of representative real-life communicative situations which allow for the characterization of prosody in these two languages; and (ii) to conduct research studies which enable us to contrast the speakers different speaking styles and discursive practices. All material contained in the corpus is provided under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.     

Driving innovation through big open linked data (BOLD): Exploring antecedents using interpretive structural modelling

Innovation is vital to find new solutions to problems, increase quality, and improve profitability. Big open linked data (BOLD) is a fledgling and rapidly evolving field that creates new opportunities for innovation. However, none of the existing literature has yet considered the interrelationships between antecedents of innovation through BOLD. This research contributes to knowledge building through utilising interpretive structural modelling to organise nineteen factors linked to innovation using BOLD identified by experts in the field. The findings show that almost all the variables fall within the linkage cluster, thus having high driving and dependence powers, demonstrating the volatility of the process. It was also found that technical infrastructure, data quality, and external pressure form the fundamental foundations for innovation through BOLD. Deriving a framework to encourage and manage innovation through BOLD offers important theoretical and practical contributions.     

Families Created Through Surrogacy Arrangements: Parent-Child Relationships in the 1st Year of Life.

Findings are presented of a study of families created through surrogacy arrangements. Forty-two surrogacy families were compared with 51 egg-donation families and 80 natural-conception families on standardized interview and questionnaire measures of the psychological well-being of the parents, the quality of parent-child relationships, and infant temperament. The differences that were identified between the surrogacy families and the other family types indicated greater psychological well-being and adaptation to parenthood by mothers and fathers of children born through surrogacy arrangements than by the natural-conception parents. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Correction to: A review of predictive policing from the perspective of fairness

Artificial Intelligence and Law - An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.     

How much theanine in a cup of tea? Effects of tea type and method of preparation

Recent interest into the possible benefits of l-theanine found in tea has raised the issue that there are few data available on amounts of l-theanine contained in cups of commercially-available teas, prepared by a standard method. HPLC along with a standard method of preparing tea was employed here to determine amounts of l-theanine in cups of tea and the effects that various preparation factors have on amounts of l-theanine extracted. Brewing time was found to be a major determinant of the amount of l-theanine extracted, while the addition of small amounts of milk and sugar made no significant difference. High levels of milk resulted in a marked lowering of the level of detectable l-theanine. Contrary to previous research, a standard (200 ml) cup of black tea was found to contain the most l-theanine (24.2 ± 5.7 mg) while a cup of green tea contained the least (7.9 ± 3.8 mg).