Relational learning of a size concept.

Administered relational size problems in the context of ordinal series to 72 4-5 yr olds. Solution was facilitated when Ss were directed to locate a terminal member (the smallest) of the series. In contrast, Ss who were instructed to locate a nonterminal member without prior designation of a terminal member were unable to achieve solution of the problem. Age- and sex-related differences in performance were observed as well as differences associated with stimulus arrangements and stimulus sizes. The outcomes are discussed in terms of composite task demands. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A Comparison of Dissolution from Commercial Tablets and from Capsules Containing a Powdered Tablet

In clinical trials it may be necessary to convert a commercial tablet to a capsule so that the identity of each drug being tested remains unknown until the trial is completed. This study shows that for six commercial tablets, after pulverization and encapsulation of the powder, the in vitro dissolution was faster for one product, slower for two products and essentially unchanged for three products.     

A statistical model for identifying proteins by tandem mass spectrometry

A statistical model is presented for computing probabilities that proteins are present in a sample on the basis of peptides assigned to tandem mass (MS/MS) spectra acquired from a proteolytic digest of the sample. Peptides that correspond to more than a single protein in the sequence database are apportioned among all corresponding proteins, and a minimal protein list sufficient to account for the observed peptide assignments is derived using the expectation-maximization algorithm. Using peptide assignments to spectra generated from a sample of 18 purified proteins, as well as complex H. influenzae and Halobacterium samples, the model is shown to produce probabilities that are accurate and have high power to discriminate correct from incorrect protein identifications. This method allows filtering of large-scale proteomics data sets with predictable sensitivity and false positive identification error rates. Fast, consistent, and transparent, it provides a standard for publishing large-scale protein identification data sets in the literature and for comparing the results obtained from different experiments.     

Grafting of titanium dioxide microspheres with a temperature‐responsive polymer via surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization without the use of silane coupling agents

Titania microspheres with narrow size distribution and diameters of about 1 µm were prepared and subsequently functionalized using surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of N‐isopropylacrylamide. The ATRP initiator was immobilized on the particle surface via acylation of surface hydroxyl groups with α‐bromoisobutyryl bromide. Subsequently, an established ATRP reaction system was used for the preparation of titania surface‐grafted poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNiPAAm). Characterization was performed with electron microscopies, X‐ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering. It was found that the particle size in aqueous dispersions changed reversibly with temperature as expected for a shell of PNiPAAm, a polymer with a lower critical solution temperature at 32 °C. This confirmed the successful preparation of functional, stimuli‐responsive TiO₂ microparticles via a straightforward controlled surface‐initiated polymerization method.     

A practical geometrical comparison between free-repelled hydraulic jumps within inclined channels

In this experimental study a practical geometrical comparison between inclined (angle φ) free and repelled hydraulic jumps (the latter in non prismatic but abruptly expanding channels) is presented, analysed and discussed. For repelled hydraulic jumps a considerable parameter is the expansion ratio r (=channels’ width ratio), which here is changing from r =0.5 to r =0.7. The comparison is made with the free jump (in prismatic channel, r =1), in the same ranges of angles φ (0° ⩽ φ ⩽8°) and Froude numbers (2⩽Fr ₁⩽8). A practical arithmetic example is presented to show the behavioral change of conjugate depths, lengths L and depths at 0.5L, in order to receive a comparison among all pertinent geometrical quantities. The present results may be useful for the hydraulic engineering when designing open channels.