Selective Coloration of Melanin Nanospheres through Resonant Mie Scattering

Black melanin inks are prepared to selectively exhibit colors under strong light, inspired by human hair. High absorbance of melanin suppresses multiple scattering, causing resonant Mie scattering predominant. Various colors can be developed as the resonant wavelength dictated by nanosphere diameter. Therefore, the melanin inks can be used to encrypt and selectively disclose multicolor patterns for anticounterfeiting applications.     

25英寸700线彩色显像管偏转线圈的优化设计

在组合法计算彩色显像管偏转系统的基础上，对25英寸700线彩色显像管所用偏转线圈进行了优化设计。选取荧光屏光栅结点上的像差作为优化目标函数，选取线圈调制极上绕线密度的傅里叶展开系数作为优化参数，采用分步阻尼法优化设计出了25英寸700线彩色显像管用偏转线圈。根据实际的实验条件，绕制了25英寸700线彩色显像管用垂直偏转线圈，并与已有的25英寸同类彩色显像管所用偏转线圈进行了比较和分析。     

Enhanced π–π Interactions of Nonfullerene Acceptors by Volatilizable Solid Additives in Efficient Polymer Solar Cells

Fine‐tuning of the nanoscale morphologies of the active layers in polymer solar cells (PSCs) through various techniques plays a vital role in improving the photovoltaic performance. However, for emerging nonfullerene (NF) PSCs, the morphology optimization of the active‐layer films empirically follows the methods originally developed in fullerene‐based blends and lacks systematic studies. In this work, two solid additives with different volatilities, SA‐4 and SA‐7, are applied to investigate their influence on the morphologies and photovoltaic performances of NF‐PSCs. Although both solid additives effectively promote the molecular packing of the NF acceptors, due to the higher volatility of SA‐4, the devices processed with SA‐4 exhibit a power conversion efficiency of 13.5%, higher than that of the control devices, and the devices processed with SA‐7 exhibit poor performances. Through a series of detailed morphological analyses, it is found that the volatilization of SA‐4 after thermal annealing is beneficial for the self‐assembly packing of acceptors, while the residuals due to the incomplete volatilization of SA‐7 have a negative effect on the film morphology. The results delineate the feasibility of applying volatilizable solid additives and provide deeper insights into the working mechanism, establishing guidelines for further material design of solid additives.     

21世纪的新现实—前言

正如理查德·瑞杰斯特（Richard Register）所说：“我们的生活质量主要取决于我们建造城市的方式。一座城市的密度越大、多样性越强，它对机动车交通的依赖性就越小;同时它需要的资源就越少，相应地对自然的影响就越小。”     

工业炸药有毒气体含量测定的影响因素

文章探讨了工业炸药爆炸后有毒气体测定过程中多种因素对测定结果的影响。试验表明,钢炮扩孔对有毒气体测定结果影响明显,随钢炮扩孔增大,有毒气体含量显著增大。当扩孔率为37%和95%时,有毒气体总量比新钢炮分别增大了24.5%和29.2%。起爆用雷管对低感度炸药有毒气体测定结果影响较显著,而对高感度炸药影响较小;用军用雷管起爆产生的有毒气体最少,而用煤矿许用瞬发电雷管起爆产生的有毒气体最多,并且膨化硝铵炸药有毒气体的增加(23.0%)大于粉状乳化炸药(10.8%)。石英砂用量对有毒气体测定结果也有明显影响。当石英砂完全覆盖药卷时,在一定范围内,增加石英砂用量导致有毒气体含量增大;当钢炮扩孔相当大时,增大石英砂用量使钢炮口全部覆盖严实,有毒气体含量减少。     

Self-assembly synthesis of cactuslike Cu2O 3D nanoarchitectures via a low-temperature solution approach

Cu₂O nanocactuses were synthesized via a simple, low-temperature, and no time-consuming wet chemical route. The synthesized products were systematically studied by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the formation of Cu₂O nanocactuses was strongly depended on the addition of CTAB and NaOH. The structural evolution of the cactuslike Cu₂O was found to follow dissolution and recrystallization processes. It is noteworthy that the stepwise synthetic procedure was crucial to the growth of the final nanoarchitectures. UV–vis spectrum was also used to estimate the absorption and photodegradation ability of the nanocactuses.     

Influence of the nonideality of near-cathode plasma on the current density in the cathode spot of a vacuum arc

The conductivity of a nonideal plasma is estimated at concentrations of the order of 10²¹ cm⁻³ and temperature of (1.12–3.48)·10⁴ K (1–3 eV). The influence of correlation effects is considered. The conductivity calculated from the Spitzer formula is shown to be higher over the range of temperatures indicated than that of nonideal plasma for the same values of the pertinent parameters. Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 5, pp. 46–48, May, 1995.     

Characterization of residual stresses from cold expansion using spatial statistics

Residual stress fields from cold expansion have been widely used to extend the fatigue life of aircraft structures. However, the spatial statistical character of these residual stress fields has not been established and has not been incorporated in current analysis methods. The objective of this study was to establish a spatial statistical method to quantify the residual stress field around a cold expanded hole. A framework called the Spatial Analysis of Residual Stress (SpARS) was developed utilizing spatial correlation, response surface modelling techniques and statistical resampling methods to characterize the residual stress field. Our results showed that tolerance bounds on residual stress can be quantified using this method. We also demonstrated the SpARS method using recently published round robin case studies. The newly developed model will be useful for aircraft structural fatigue crack growth analyses to incorporate residual stress fields for extending inspection intervals for fatigue and fracture critical structures.     

Investigation of Nitrite Production Pathway in Integrated Partial Denitrification/Anammox Process via Isotope Labelling Technique and the Relevant Microbial Communities

In this study,the nitrogen removal performance of partial denitrificaiton/anammox(PDA) process was investigated by using an UASB reactor.High total nitrogen(TN) removal efficiency(91.97%) was achieved at an influent nitrogen loading rate of 0.64 kg/(m³·d).Anammox bacteria did execute the function of converting nitrate to nitrite in PDA system according to ¹⁵N isotope labeling experiments and the contribution was approximately 36.3%.Candidatus＿Brocadia,Candidatus＿Kuenenia an...