蓝宝石上横向外延GaN薄膜

在蓝宝石衬底上利用金属有机物气相外延(MOCVD)方法对横向外延(ELO)GaN薄膜的生长条件进行了研究.在蓝宝石衬底上利用化学腐蚀的方法刻饰出图案,再沉积低温GaN缓冲层作为外延层的子晶层,以降低外延层与衬底的晶格失配与热失配,制备出低位错密度的GaN外延层.分别利用X射线衍射、原子力显微镜及湿法腐蚀对外延层进行检测.     

900℃空气退火对L-MBE生长的ZnO薄膜发光特性的影响

采用激光分子束外延法在蓝宝石衬底(0001)上生长了高度c轴择优取向的高质量ZnO薄膜,在空气中对生长的薄膜进行900℃退火处理,并对退火前后样品的结晶质量、发光特性采用X射线衍射(XRD)、变温光致发光(PL)研究.退火处理后的ZnO薄膜(0002)面XRDθ-2θ扫描曲线强度明显增强.在光致发光实验中,观测到薄膜分别在3.352,3.309和3.237eV附近有3个明显的近紫外发光峰,分别对应自由激子发射、中性施主或受主束缚激子I9及其声子伴线1Lo.随着温度升高,峰位逐渐向长波方向移动(即所谓"红移"),半高宽(FWHM)逐渐展宽;在发光谱中,来自于晶体缺陷的深能级(DL)区发光强度极小.     

干法刻蚀对InAsP/InGaAsP应变多量子阱发光特性的影响

采用气态源分子束外延(GSMBE)生长了具有不同阱宽的InAsP/InGaAsP应变多量子阱,并对干法刻蚀前、干法刻蚀及湿法腐蚀不同厚度覆盖层后的多量子阱光致发光(PL)谱进行了表征.测量发现干法刻蚀量子阱覆盖层一定厚度后量子阱光致发光强度得到了明显的增强.这与干法刻蚀后量子阱覆盖层表面粗糙度变化及量子阱内部微结构变化有关.     

云雾多次散射对激光散射信号生成的影响

激光在云雾中传输时会受到云雾粒子的散射作用,多次散射的强度对激光散射信号的生成会产生很重要的影响.文中介绍了同轴探测时云雾对激光多次散射的计算方法,以及非同轴探测时激光引信应该如何减小云雾多次散射对系统带来的干扰.     

The revisit of QoS routing based on non‐linear Lagrange relaxation

The development of efficient quality of service (QoS) routing algorithms in a high‐speed networking or the next generation IP networking environment is a very important and at the same time very difficult task due to the need to provide divergent services with multiple QoS requirements. Recently, a heuristic algorithm H_MCOP, which is based on a non‐linear Lagrange relaxation (NLR) technique, has been proposed to resolve the contradiction between the time complexity and the quality of solution. Even though H_MCOP has demonstrated outstanding capability of finding feasible solutions to the multi‐path constrained (MCP) problem, it has not exploited the full capability that an NLR‐based technique could offer. In this paper, we propose a new NLR‐based heuristic called NLR_MCP, in which the search process is interpreted from a probability's perspective. Simulation results indicate that NLR_MCP can achieve a higher probability of finding feasible solutions than H_MCOP. We also verify that the performance improvement of a MCP heuristic has a tremendous impact on the performance of a higher level heuristic that uses a MCP heuristic as the basic step. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于测录井曲线的致密砂岩储层产能评价方法

强烈的非均质性、较差的储层连通性以及复杂的微观孔隙结构是致密砂岩气产能评价难度大和准确率不高的原因,基于此,利用多口井测录井曲线资料,归纳总结典型的曲线形态类型,并采用数学方法对形态进行了定量表征,提出了基于测录井曲线形态的产能评价方法。研究表明：①气测全烃曲线可以分为箱形、半箱形、正三角形、倒三角形、锯齿状和单尖峰状等6种形态,分别与油气层显示程度紧密相关,可以利用幅度、相对质心、相对锯齿、方差及自相关函数的参数值极性量化表征。其中,箱形气测全烃曲线峰形饱满,跨度较大;半箱形,气测全烃峰形跨度明显小于储层厚度;三角形,气测全烃曲线形态呈现正三角形或倒三角形;锯齿状,气测全烃曲线形态呈忽高忽低的趋势,呈现若干尖峰;单尖峰状,气测全烃曲线峰形跨度较小,呈单尖峰状。②6种气测全烃曲线形态与致密砂岩油气储层产能具有较好的对应关系。高、中产层主要为箱形、三角形,低产层主要为（半）箱形、三角形及锯齿状,特低产主要为锯齿状,不产层主要以单尖峰状为主。利用气测曲线形态及产能特征进行权重赋值,建立了解释关系图版。③录井全烃曲线与测井电阻率曲线综合解释可以更加准确判别致密砂岩储层产能。最后,利用定量化模型进行自动解释,通过数据验证发现,产层符合率为80.95%,产能区间符合率为78.05%。实践证明,基于测录井曲线形态可以较好地评价预测致密砂岩储层产气能力。     

煤层气压裂井裂缝参数优化及效果评价

因煤层复杂渗流机理及低孔低渗特征,煤层气均需采取压裂改造措施进行开采。为了正确认识压裂参数对煤层气井产能、采出程度及井网部署的影响规律,从储层应力形变及煤层气解吸、扩散、渗流流固耦合分析出发,建立压裂井气水两相非线性渗流模型,研究裂缝参数、储层非均质性对井距及井网类型优化的影响,并且采用注入压降试井解释对压裂工艺参数进行评价。研究结果表明：煤层流体以非线性渗流为主,物性呈现先下降后上升的特征,存在启动压力梯度的影响;井距优化应考虑裂缝方向、裂缝穿透比、裂缝导流能力等因素的影响;矩形与菱形井网选择要参考储层各向异性系数的临界值;避免注入压降测试中井筒液面的变化及测试段的选择对试井解释结果的影响,提高压裂效果解释评价准确性。研究对煤层气压裂井裂缝、井网参数优化及提高压裂效果评价准确性具有较好的指导意义。     

四川盆地湖相页岩气源-储配置类型及评价

四川盆地湖相页岩气勘探已在建南、涪陵和元坝地区中-下侏罗统获得良好的页岩气显示和工业气流,展示了良好的勘探前景。与海相富有机质页岩相比,湖相泥页岩具有沉积相变快、岩相类型多样（互层、夹层）、有机质丰度较低、储集非均质性强和源-储配置复杂的特点。依据不同的岩相类型,将湖相泥页岩划分为源夹储、源储互层2大类4亚类源-储配置类型。采用有机地化、微观储渗实验及纳米CT等方法技术,在对每一种源-储配置类型进行生烃、储集和可压性特征研究的基础上,将不同的源-储类型作为独立的“源储体”单元,创建了与湖相多类型源-储配置特征相适应的源储体系数进行评价。评价结果表明,碳酸盐湖泊沉积的页岩与介屑灰岩互层型具有良好页岩气生烃、储集、渗透和可压裂配置条件,有利于页岩气的形成和改造,是湖相最有利的源-储配置类型;页岩夹介壳灰岩源-储配置型具有良好页岩气生烃和储集条件,但渗透性和可压性较差,为较有利源-储配置类型,上述两种类型可作为湖相页岩气开发的优选层段。     

Virtual impedance control for a regional dynamic voltage restorer

A dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) can be installed in a middle-voltage (MV) power grid, to concurrently protect a cluster of sensitive loads from voltage sags. To further improve its efficiency and reduce the difficulty in its implementation, a novel control strategy for operating such a DVR as a virtual impedance in series with sensitive loads is proposed in this paper. In addition to its usual function of compensating for voltage sags, such a DVR can also operate as a virtual inductance, to function as a fault current limiter (FCL) during a downstream fault, or a virtual capacitance, to function as a series compensator (SC) to compensate the voltage loss along the feeder line during heavy load. Based on a dual-loop control design, strategies for operating a DVR as a series virtual inductance and a virtual capacitance are proposed, and methods for tuning the parameter values and a stability analysis of the whole system are presented. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified by simulations using the PSCAD software, and experimental results obtained using a prototype DVR are presented.     

pH‐Responsive,Light‐Triggered on‐Demand Antibiotic Release from Functional Metal–Organic Framework for Bacterial Infection Combination Therapy

To satisfy the ever‐growing demand in bacterial infection therapy and other fields of science, great effort is being devoted to the development of methods to precisely control drug release and achieve targeted use of an active substance at the right time and place. Here, a new strategy for bacterial infection combination therapy based on the light‐responsive zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) is reported. A pH‐jump reagent is modified into the porous structure of ZIF nanoparticles as a gatekeeper, allowing the UV‐light (365 nm) responsive in situ production of acid, which subsequently induces pH‐dependent degradation of ZIF and promotes the release of the antibiotic loaded in the mesopores. The combination of the UV‐light, the pH‐triggered precise antibiotic release, and the zinc ions enables the light‐activated nanocomposite to significantly inhibit bacteria‐induced wound infection and accelerate wound healing, indicating a switchable and synergistic antibacterial effect. The light irradiated accumulation of acid ensures the controlled release of antibiotic and controlled degradation of ZIF, suggesting the therapeutic potential of the metal–organic frameworks‐based smart platform for controlling bacterial infection.