Wechselwirkung zwischen dem nichtionischen Detergens „Ipafor”︁ und Mikroben

Interaction between the Non-Ionic Detergent “Ipafor” and Microbes Interactions between microbes and a non-ionic detergent “Ipafor” (alkylglycolester or -ether) have been investigated. The composition can be decomposed by various gram negative rods (intestinal microbes, dye formers). The decomposition of the detergent increases the viscosity of the nutrient medium. The addition of 1% Ipafor to agar nutrient medium has a germistatic effect on gram positive microbes. Only 6 strains of 72 investigated strains grew without inhibition in presence of 1% detergent. The gram negative microbes and fungi are more resistent against Ipafor than the gram positive germs. Comparing the effect of Ipafor with that of non-ionic detergents as dodecylbenzenesulfonate-sodium and laurylsulfonate-sodium shows that Ipafor can be judged better by the smaller microbic utilization and little germistatic effect with respect to environmental protection than the above mentioned compounds DBSNa, LSNa, because the self-purification processes in the surface waters are less disturbed.     

Using cross-modal lexical decision tasks to investigate sentence processing.

Recent investigations of sentence processing have used the cross-modal lexical decision task to show that the antecedent of a phonologically empty noun phrase (specifically, WH-trace) is reactivated at the trace position. G. McKoon et al (see record 1995-04309-001) claimed that (1) a design feature concerning the choice of related and unrelated targets is a possible confound in this work and (2) the conclusions drawn from this previous research are therefore called into question. These claims are considered in light of both the McKoon et al experimental findings and the results of the J. L. Nicol et al experiments in which linguistic materials are tested. Nicol et al argue that their results may be due to the nature of their materials, and that a follow-up experiment reported by McKoon and R. Ratcliff (see record 1995-04308-001) used a technique that is not comparable to the cross-modal lexical decision task. It is concluded that current evidence supports the claim that structural information is used during on-line sentence processing and that the cross-modal technique is sensitive to this. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Ein Speicher-Durchfluss-Modell für die Abflussbildung im Oberjura-Karst der Schwäbischen Alb

Upper Jurassic karstified limestones in southern Germany are characterized by a dual-porosity system. Here we present a new model that describes the basic processes from recharge to discharge. While recharge is distributed to both main conduits and fractures, only minor amounts of the total runoff reach the karst system directly (direct runoff) while most water infiltrates into the fractured matrix. This mechanism expels pre-event water from the fissured matrix and into karst conduits. Additionally, matrix storage exponentially decreases during baseflow conditions. Altogether, direct runoff, pre-event water and baseflow fill the karst system and make up the spring discharge. Based on a time series of 40 years of recharge data, the model simulates daily changes of groundwater volumes within the two storage systems. Prerequisites are recession coefficients for baseflow and conduits. A distribution coefficient calculates the amount of direct runoff and a second coefficient the amount of pre-event water. Calculated discharges were in good agreement with the spring hydrograph.     

A systematic review on the use of quantitative imaging to detect cancer therapy adverse effects in normal-appearing brain tissue

Cancer therapy for both central nervous system (CNS) and non-CNS tumors has been previously associated with transient and long-term cognitive deterioration, commonly referred to as ‘chemo fog’. This therapy-related damage to otherwise normal-appearing brain tissue is reported using post-mortem neuropathological analysis. Although the literature on monitoring therapy effects on structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is well established, such macroscopic structural changes appear relatively late and irreversible. Early quantitative MRI biomarkers of therapy-induced damage would potentially permit taking these treatment side effects into account, paving the way towards a more personalized treatment planning.

This systematic review (PROSPERO number 224196) provides an overview of quantitative tomographic imaging methods, potentially identifying the adverse side effects of cancer therapy in normal-appearing brain tissue. Seventy studies were obtained from the MEDLINE and Web of Science databases. Studies reporting changes in normal-appearing brain tissue using MRI, PET, or SPECT quantitative biomarkers, related to radio-, chemo-, immuno-, or hormone therapy for any kind of solid, cystic, or liquid tumor were included. The main findings of the reviewed studies were summarized, providing also the risk of bias of each study assessed using a modified QUADAS-2 tool. For each imaging method, this review provides the methodological background, and the benefits and shortcomings of each method from the imaging perspective. Finally, a set of recommendations is proposed to support future research.

     

Selenium speciation studies in Se-enriched chives (Allium schoenoprasum) by HPLC-ICP–MS

In this study, three liquid chromatographic techniques were employed to better understand selenium species distribution in Chives (Allium schoenoprasum) separately grown in three different supplementation media Se(IV), Se(VI), and SeMet. The highest selenium accumulation up to 700 μg Se g⁻¹ was observed in the case of the Se(VI)-enriched samples on the basis of total selenium measurements. Size-exclusion chromatography (SEC-HPLC) was performed for investigation of selenium containing proteins in chives. For speciation of selenium containing amino acids, reversed-phase ion-pairing chromatography (RP-IP-HPLC) and for enantiomeric separations, a crown ether column was used. In all three cases online detection with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was performed for selenium specific detection. Two extractions (perchloric acid–ethanol and enzymatic) were carried out on chive samples. Speciation analysis on the chives grown in three different media revealed that selenium distribution among different forms of amino acids in the sample strongly depends on the type of enrichment employed. Enrichment with Se(VI) leads to accumulation of selenium in inorganic forms, while in case of Se(IV) and SeMet-enriched samples, methyl-selenocysteine and selenocystine were found to be present. Not surprisingly, chiral speciation revealed the presence of the l-enantiomeric forms of selenoamino acids in the sample. The major enantiomer found in the perchloric acid–ethanol extracts was l-MeSeCys, while in the enzymatic extracts l-SeMet was also detected.     

Characterization of the ordered weighted averaging operators

This paper deals with the characterization of two classes of monotonic and neutral (MN) aggregation operators. The first class corresponds to (MN) aggregators which are stable for the same positive linear transformations and presents the ordered linkage property. The second class deals with (MN)-idempotent aggregators which are stable for positive linear transformations with the same unit, independent zeroes and ordered values. These two classes correspond to the weighted ordered averaging operator (OWA) introduced by Yager in 1988. It is also shown that the OWA aggregator can be expressed as a Choquet integral     

The Rise of People-Centric Sensing

Technological advances in sensing, computation, storage, and communications will turn the near-ubiquitous mobile phone into a global mobile sensing device. People-centric sensing will help drive this trend by enabling a different way to sense, learn, visualize, and share information about ourselves, friends, communities, the way we live, and the world we live in. It juxtaposes the traditional view of mesh sensor networks with one in which people, carrying mobile devices, enable opportunistic sensing coverage. In the MetroSense Project's vision of people-centric sensing, users are the key architectural system component, enabling a host of new application areas such as personal, public, and social sensing.     

Ternary diffusion in multilayer Ag-Au-Cu thin films

Ternary Ag-Au-Cu thin films consisting of alternate layers of Ag and Au+Cu, with a layer periodicity of 10–20 Å, were prepared in a three-source feedback-controller evaporator system. Intralayer diffusion was studied by measuring the decay of satellite X-ray intensity scattered by the concentration modulation (layering) as a function of annealing time at low temperature (242°C). The diffusion matrix D is obtained by the direct determination of its eigenvalues, which correspond to the observed decay rates of satellite intensity, and from its eigenvector directions, which are determined from the observed amplitude ration and from the calculated free energy matrix F. The mobility matrix M is obtained from the experimentally measured D and calculated F matrices through the relation $\text{D = M·F}$. The four elements of the matrix M are found to be not strongly concentration dependent.From the knowledge of D, M and F, diffusion paths are plotted in the Gibbs triangle for films with an average concentration located in the single-phase region. The relationships between the tie-line and the initial decomposition directions from a completely homogeneous solid solution are discussed for films located in the two-phase region.