Effect of Operating Conditions and Transistor Parameters on Gain Degradation

Data for predicting transistor gain degradation in a neutron radiation environment were obtained from experimental studies of the variation of the radiation damage constant KT as a function of temperature and current during both measurement and irradiation. Relatively small spreads in the values of KT were obtained when the individual base transit times were measured and the radiation exposures were precisely determined. Radiation damage effect data from 20 different n-p-n silicon transistor types were obtained and normalized to the same minority carrier concentration in the base region, using the transit time and the VBE-Ic characteristics of the specific transistors. The resulting relative dispersions of the damage constant for minority carrier densities of 1015/cm3 and 1016/cm3 were typically 15 to 20 percent. These dispersions indicate that electrical measurements of transistor physical parameters can provide reasonably accurate predictions of the gain degradation for a wide variety of transistors without additional radiation testing of specific transistor types.     

Therapist empathy, genuineness, and warmth and patient therapeutic outcome.

A study aimed at cross-validating previous research suggesting that the levels of the therapist's accurate empathy, nonpossessive warmth, and genuineness were causally related to the degree of patient improvement or deterioration. An equal number of "good" or "poor" therapy prospects were randomly assigned to 4 resident psychiatrists (10 patients each) for 4 mo. of psychotherapy. Results tended to confirm the importance of the 3 therapeutic conditions in combination and of empathy and genuineness separately. Negative findings for separate analysis of therapist's warmth were interpreted in terms of its negative correlation with empathy and genuineness in the present sample. On the overall measure for all patients, therapists providing high therapeutic conditions had 90% patient improvement while those providing lower conditions had 50% improvement. (17 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"The perpetuation and evolution of biological science": Erratum.

Reports an error in the original article by Beach (American Psychologist, 1966[Oct], Vol 21[10], 943-949). On page 943, Footnote 1 should have read "the official opening of three new science buildings at McGill University." (The following abstract of this article originally appeared in record 1967-03566-001.) Students should be trained for the future rather than the present and increasing emphasis should be placed on increasing the understanding of human behavior. "The social environment in which biological science exists and to which it must adapt is currently in a state of rapid and complex change." The environment is ripe for the rapid diversification and expansion of behavioral studies. "All of the conditions are propitious for prompt evolutionary radiation of the parent species biological science.... Various combinations of neurology, endocrinology, microbiology, and psychology have been tried, and some of them have yielded promising results. New permutations must be devised and the resulting strains of biology must be given a chance to survive, to reproduce, and to evolve still further.... Man's greatest problem... is not to understand and exploit his physical environment, but to understand and govern his own conduct.... If he is to survive he must proceed to explore himself and to control his own activities." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Miscibility in blends of sulfonylated poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) and poly(p-bromostyrene-co-o-bromostyrene)

Miscibility in blends of random copolymers of p-bromostyrene (pBrSt) and o-bromostyrene (oBrSt) [P(pBrSt-co-oBrSt)] with partially sulfonylated poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (SPPO) have been studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). For an SPPO of given degree of sulfonylation, a miscibility window in terms of the isomeric composition of the brominated copolymer was seen; the location and width of the window was a function of sulfonylation. In general, copolymers with a higher content of pBrSt exhibit miscibility with SPPOs with higher degrees of sulfonylation. Upon annealing to temperatures of 280° and 320°C, only small changes in the miscibility regime were observed. The miscibility behavior was analyzed on the basis of the mean-field theory in terms of the individual segmental interaction parameters. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.