微波医疗设备

微波技术可以在医疗诊断和治疗两方面发挥重种已经开发成功或者正在开发的新型微波医疗设备,这些设备是MMTC公司和下述公司共同开发的,她们是:在马里兰州哥伦比亚市制造微波气球导管的Celsion公司;在纽约州布朗克斯(Bronx)市制造微波气球导管、微波双天线和微波观测器件的Monte fiore医疗中心(MMC);研究共形阵列天线的加州大学旧金山分校(UCSF)。研究这些器件的单位以前都发表过文章和申请过专利,公开了这里所叙述的大部分材料。这里描述的所有器件都依赖于微波深深地透入活组织的能力。微波透入活组织的深度主要是活组织的介电特…     

Effects of bovine somatotropin on dry matter intake, milk yield and body temperature in Holstein and Jersey cows during heat stress

Thirty-one lactating Holstein and Jersey cows were used to determine the effect of daily injections of 0 or 20 mg of recombinant bST in hot, humid weather. The comparison period lasted 80 d, from mid-June through August. The maximum and minimum ambient temperature and relative humidity averaged 34.6 and 22.2 degrees C and 100 and 59.8%, respectively. Body temperatures of somatotropin-treated Holsteins were elevated over controls by .2 and .3 degrees C at the a.m. and p.m. milkings, respectively, whereas corresponding treatment effects for Jerseys were .5 and .6 degrees C, thus demonstrating a breed by treatment interaction. The response of milk and FCM yields and apparent efficiency of production to somatotropin administration depended on the level of production prior to treatment. Cows at low pretreatment production increased milk and FCM yields to a greater degree than did cows at higher production. A breed by treatment interaction showed that Holsteins increased milk and FCM yields more than Jerseys upon administration of somatotropin. Intake of DM was not affected by treatment. Cows administered bST lost BW and condition score. Greater heat stress was associated with the higher milk production of cows administered bST.     

Variations of the chemical composition of clonal black tea (Camellia sinensis) due to delayed withering

The chemical composition of black teas (Camellia sinensis L) varies when the green leaf from which they are manufactured is withered physically to the same degree but for different periods. Caffeine contents progressively increase with prolonged withering time whereas theaflavins decrease due to prolonged withering. Although the sums of group I and group II volatile flavour compounds (VFC) decrease with prolonged withering time, the flavour index (expressed as group II VFC/group I VFC) increases due to prolonged withering. No significant changes were noted in the thearubigin levels with variation in withering time, but the tasters' evaluations were at a maximum for teas withered for 14 h. Subsequently the evaluation decreased with longer withering times.     

Variations in the leaf standard,chemical composition and quality of black tea (Camellia sinensis) due to plucking intervals

Green leaf standard, chemical composition and quality of black tea (Camellia sinensis (L) O Kuntze) change with plucking intervals. Long plucking intervals lead to poor leaf standard with a lot of mature leaves and lower theaflavins, the sum of volatile flavour compounds imparting a sweet flowery aroma (group II volatile flavour compounds), caffeine contents and tasters' evaluations of black tea. The sum of volatile flavour compounds imparting inferior, grassy, green flavour (group I volatile flavour compounds) to tea, however, increases with long plucking intervals.     

The use of atmospheric pressure MOVPE for the growth of high performance uncooled 1300 nm DFB lasers

Manufacture of high performance uncooled 1300 nm distributed feed-back (DFB) lasers operating single mode over the −40 to +85°C range requires control of the wavelength variation across a 2″ wafer to less than 10nm and preservation of grating definition during processing and regrowth. We have used atmospheric pressure metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy, without substrate rotation to achieve the necessary uniformity. Material was assessed using photoluminescence, x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, electrochemical current/voltage profiling, and secondary ion mass spectroscopy. The devices are based on a strained quantum well structure with an n-type grating layer to provide gain coupling. The best result gave a wavelength spread across 32×32 mm center square of a 2″ InP wafer of 3 nm. Buried heterostructure DFBs manufactured with high yield in this way operate from −40 to +85°C, with thresholds at 85°C as low as 18 mA.     

Multilevel differential polarization shift keying

We analyze the performance of coherent optical communication systems which employ polarization shift keying (PolSK) modulation, introducing for the first time the requirements for multilevel, differential PolSK. For M-ary signal constellations with M>2, the three-dimensional (3-D) nature of the signal constellations within Stokes space requires the use of double-differential modulation and detection (M-DDPolSK). Coding constraints on the signals place an additional restriction on such systems. We present detailed analysis and simulations for a 6-DDPolSK modulation scheme in which the signal points are located at the vertices of an octahedron in Stokes space     

A 533-MHz BiCMOS superscalar RISC microprocessor

This 533-MHz BiCMOS very large scale integration (VLSI) implementation of the PowerPC architecture contains three pipelines and a large on-chip secondary cache to achieve a peak performance of 1600 MIPS. The 15 mm×10 mm die contains 2.7 M transistors (2M CMOS and 0.7 M bipolar) and dissipates less than 85 W. The die is fabricated in a six-level metal, 0.5-μm BiCMOS process and requires 3.6 and 2.1 V power supplies     

AlGaAs vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser responses to 4.5-MeV proton irradiation

We have irradiated single- and multimode AlGaAs vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) arrays operating at a nominal wavelength of 780 nm with 4.5-MeV protons and doses ranging from 10 to 30 Mrad in the active region. We observed a peak power reduction of about 2% per Mrad in the 14-/spl mu/m aperture, multimode VCSELs. Single-mode VCSELs having an aperture of 6 /spl mu/m exhibited a smaller peak power reduction of 0.4%-1% per Mrad. A slight shift in the current threshold was observed only for the multimode VCSELs at dose levels above 10 Mrad. First results indicate a reduced VCSEL peak laser power output that is dominated by a temperature shift caused by the radiation induced increase in resistive heating. In contrast, the power reduction in edge-emitting lasers is dominated by the enhanced radiation induced nonradiative recombination rate. The VCSEL irradiation was performed with a focused ion micro beam that was rastered over the device surface, ensuring a very uniform exposure of a single device in the array.     

A temperature-dependent model for the complex dielectric function of GaAs

In this work, we discuss a temperature-dependent model for the complex dielectric function for GaAs valid for the temperature range 31°C ≤ T ≤ 634°C. We describe our model, which is an extension of the critical point parabolic band method. This is a phenomenological method which is based on the physical processes occurring in the semiconductor, and has been previously demonstrated for composition-dependent models of the dielectric function for lattice-matched materials systems. We demonstrate the quality of the model in fitting optical data for individual temperatures, and compare our results to other established models. The data used for each fitting ranges from 1.25 to 4.5 eV. Using results obtained from the individual fits, we generate a temperature-dependent model that is valid for the range of temperatures given above. Also, we show how this model can be used to accurately determine the temperature (±2.3°C) of a material whose dielectric response has been obtained but was not included when generating the model.     

Error Probability of FSK Incoherent Diversity Reception with Fast Rice Fading

In this paper we compute the error performanceof noncoherent detection receivers for FSK signalstransmitted over fast frequency-flat Rician fadingchannels. Linearly time-varying fading models are used to derive closed-form expressions for the errorprobability of binary FSK signaling. Error bounds areestablished for the performance of M-ary orthogonal FSK.Simulation results are in excellent agreement with analytical predictions.