High-efficiency operation of chemical oxygen-iodine laser usingnitrogen as buffer gas

High-efficiency operation of supersonic chemical oxygen-iodine laser (COIL) with an advanced jet-type singlet oxygen generator using nitrogen as buffer gas was demonstrated. Laser output was remarkably increased when buffer gas was cooled with liquid nitrogen. The effects of buffer gas temperature on the characteristics of the oxygen-iodine laser medium was discussed. A net chemical efficiency of 23.4% was obtained at 405 W when the chlorine molar flow rate was 19 mmol/s     

Growth of group III nitride nanostructures on nano-imprinted sapphire substrates

Nanostructures of group III nitrides have been fabricated on nano-imprinted sapphire substrates by nitrogen radical assisted pulsed laser deposition. We have found that the group III nitride nanostructures produced by this method incline toward the incident direction of the nitrogen radical source, probably due to the shadowing effect. The inclinations of the nanostructures are the result of an oblique reactive gas flux and re-evaporation of metal that is shadowed from the gas flux and not nitrided. We have demonstrated that it is possible to control the shape of nanostructure, three dimensionally, by utilizing this inclination phenomenon, which should be quite useful for the fabrication of photonic crystals.     

Enhanced production of extracellular inulinase by the yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus in xylose catabolic state

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Trigeminal neuralgia associated with venous angioma--case report

BACKGROUND: Colposcopy and related therapeutic modalities are taught in many family practice residency programs. The role of the following two factors in a family practice residency program's decision to teach these procedures was evaluated: 1) the coexistence of an obstetrics and gynecology (OB-GYN) residency program at the affiliated hospital and 2) the perceived attitude of community obstetrician-gynecologists toward family physicians performing the procedures. METHODS: In 1993, all 399 accredited family practice residency programs were surveyed, with a response rate of 86.5%. RESULTS: Ninety-three percent of responding programs taught colposcopy. All programs that rated community obstetrician-gynecologists' attitudes as positive taught colposcopy, and 91% taught cryotherapy. In programs rating local obstetrician-gynecologists' attitudes as negative, 85.5% taught colposcopy, and 71% taught cryotherapy. A co-located OB-GYN program did not influence a family practice program's likelihood of teaching colposcopy or treatment modalities. CONCLUSION: A perception that community obstetrician-gynecologists have negative attitudes about family physicians performing colposcopy may dissuade some family practice programs from teaching colposcopy and related treatment modalities. This influence was not seen in programs with a co-located OB-GYN residency.     

Electron beam blanking systems

Electron beam blanking in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) by deflection over a chopping aperture is reviewed. The first part is concerned with electron beam deflection structures and driving methods, the second part with electron optics of deflection blanking systems in the SEM.