Heat Transfer for Vertical Surfaces with Discrete Fins in the Case of Free Convection

A mathematical model of heat transfer has been developed and numerical calculations for a vertical surface with discrete fins arranged in staggered order have been carried out. The model accounts for the influence of the heat-conduction properties of the finning material and of the fin size on the conditions of heat transfer. A comparison of the results obtained with the existing numerical and experimental data has been made. This comparison shows that the discretization intensifies the heat-transfer process by 50–70%, and neglect of the heat-conduction properties of the fins leads to overstated values of the removed heat fluxes.     

Useful solar heat gains in multi-zone non-domestic buildings as a function of orientation and thermal time constant

Two parameters affecting useful solar absorption are orientation and thermal mass. Solar energy absorption in buildings depends on these parameters in a complex manner particularly when considering large glazing ratios and large direct components of insolation. Therefore, where parameters of different zones in a multi-zone building vary, useful solar absorption will also vary. For higher northern latitudes, compared with south orientation, useful solar absorption differs by about 2%, 4% and 6% between large and small time constants for east, west and north orientations, respectively. The smallest and largest differences are for east and north orientations, respectively. Fenestration design should be a consequence of orientation and overshading, seeking to balance daylight, solar gains and heat losses.     

Neurovisceral integration in cardiac and emotional regulation

The utility of heart-rate variability (HRV) to index important aspects of neural control of the heart has made it one of the most valuable tools for researchers interested in health and behavior. However, most of the literature and extant data on the central origins of HRV have been derived from animal models. As yet little is known about the central nervous system (CNS) origins and concomitants in humans. In the following we will briefly detail a set of neural structures that have been associated with important CNS functions including cardiac regulation and emotional regulation. We will briefly summarize recent data using pharmacological, neuroimaging, and psychophysiological techniques that have examined CNS concomitants of HRV especially during emotion. Based on these and other data will we report the results of a computational model that examined the interactions of several neural structures and their effect on emotion-related HRV.     

地震地层学不能代替岩性地震学

近年来,地震地层学得到了大力的推广,各油田各探区纷纷利用这个工具对地震剖面进行重新解释,取得了一批初步成果;石油地质和石油物探界已几乎很少有人不知道有地震地层学了,这是一个十分可喜的现象。但我们也应该看到在推广过程中出现的一些问题,不要让这些问题阻碍了地震地层学在中国的发展,更不要让它们掩盖、冲淡了建立和发展岩性地震学这个对物探来说是更根本的任务。     

The formal-CAFE methodology and model checking patterns in the specification of e-commerce systems

Electronic commerce is an important application that has evolved significantly recently. However, electronic commerce systems are complex and difficult to be correctly designed. Guaranteeing the correctness of an e-commerce system is not an easy task due to the great amount of scenarios where errors occur, many of them very subtle. In this work we presents a methodology that uses formal-method techniques, specifically symbolic model checking, to design electronic commerce applications and to automatically verify them. Also, a model checking pattern hierarchy has been developed—it specifies patterns to construct and verify the formal model of e-commerce systems. We consider this research the first step to the development of a framework, which will integrate the methodology, an e-commerce specification language based on business rules, and a model checker. Adriano Pereira received the B.S. and M.S. degrees in computer science in 2000 and 2002, respectively, and he is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree in computer science from the Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. His current interests are on performance analysis and modeling of e-business and distributed systems, and formal methods. Mark Song received the B.S., M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in computer science from the Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. His current interests are on distributed systems and formal methods – especially BMC (Bounded Model Checking). Gustavo Franco received the B.S. and M.S. degrees in computer science in 2001 and 2004, respectively, from the Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. His research was on modeling the user behavior of e-business and distributed systems, and formal methods. Actually his current interests are on software engeneering and project management of IT projects.     

Investigation of the Possibility of Using UNK Superconducting Dipole Magnets for Producing Rapid-Cycling Magnetic Fields

The superconducting dipoles developed as part of the UNK project have reached a magnetic field 6 T at a rate of up to 0.8 T/sec. Experimental data are presented on the conditioning, rate dependences, and dynamic losses for magnets with two types of superconducting cable (zebra and oxide). Possible ways to decrease the heat release in a dipole operating in rapid-cycling magnetic fields are examined. The results of an analysis of heat release and temperature conditions are presented for a dipole with a winding made of improved current-carrying components.     

Temperature control of buildings by adobe wall design

The adobe house developed in the hot arid climate of the American Southwest has the virtue of being cool in the day and warm in the night. The adobe wall acts as a filter giving nearly a 12-hr phase lag in the outside temperature oscillation. However, on reaching the inside, the oscillation suffers a strong attenuation in amplitude. In a previous paper it was shown that if the resistivity of the wall could be varied in a certain way from outside to inside, thenthe attenuation would be considerably reduced. In this paper a formula is given for the minimum possible attenuation under given design restrictions. Then it is shown how to make an optimum wall by suitably proportioning two or three layers of different materials. Numerical illustrations are given.     

The MITRE E3 family of models structure and results

A family of energy/economic/environmental (E³) models is presented as a mechanism for analysing national policy issues. The family consists of discrete models which are designed to be run in an integrated manner. The outputs of certain models provide the inputs to the next. This structure allows the analyst to readily incorporate an understanding of regional factors such as local energy prices, concerns over air quality, water availability, or attitudes towards construction of new energy facilities, into national assessments of energy policies. This paper reviews the analytic framework within which energy policy issues are currently addressed. The initial family of E³ models is described with the emphasis on the data linkages and feedback which are provided when these models are run sequentially. The ongoing MITRE research programme with the E³ family of models is presented and plans and opportunities for future work are outlined.